<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Studies on <italic>Clostridium difficile</italic> are rare in Korea. We investigated the epidemiological characteristics of <italic>C. difficile</italic> isolates from patients with <italic>C. difficile</italic>-associated disease (CDAD) in Korea.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the presence of <italic>tcdA</italic> and <italic>tcdB</italic> toxin genes. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by the disk-dilution method. <italic>C. difficile</italic> strains were subtyped by automated repetitive-element palindromic PCR (rep-PCR).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Among patients with CDAD, 73 (25.8%), 32 (11.3%), 32 (11.3%), and 26 (9.2%) suffered from pneumonia, cancer or neoplasm, diabetes, and colitis, respectively. Of all stool samples, 43 samples (15.2%) were positive for <italic>C. difficile</italic> strains. We observed two expression patterns of toxin genes: <italic>tcdA</italic>+/<italic>tcdB</italic>+ (86% isolates) and <italic>tcdA</italic>−/<italic>tcdB</italic>+ (14% isolates), with all isolates expressing <italic>tcdB</italic>. Furthermore, some isolates were resistant to clindamycin (65%), ampicillin (56%), and cefazolin (40%), but all were susceptible to vancomycin and metronidazole. The tested samples were classified into diverse clusters using automated rep-PCR.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Our findings revealed the characteristics and antibiotic resistance of <italic>C. difficile</italic> isolates from patients in Korea. The epidemiological data may provide valuable insight into development of treatment strategies for <italic>C. difficile</italic> infections in Korea.</p></sec>
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Metronidazole therapy as initial treatment of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with chronic kidney disease in Korea Jaeuk Shin, Yu Mi Wi, Yu-Ji Lee Epidemiology and Infection.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
<sec><title>Objectives</title><p>Few long-term studies have been conducted on the serotype and antibiotic resistance patterns of <italic>Salmonella</italic> speices (spp.) The aim of this study was to determine the serotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns of <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. isolated at Jeollanam-do in Korea from 2004 to 2014.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>A total of 276 <italic>Salmonella</italic> samples were evaluated. Serotyping was carried out according to the Kauffmann–White scheme. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the Vitek II system with an AST-N169 card.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 22 different serotypes were identified, and the major serotypes were <italic>Salmonella</italic> Enteritidis (116 strains, 42.0%) and <italic>Salmonella</italic> Typhimurium (60 strains, 21.7%). The highest resistance was observed in response to nalidixic acid (43.4%), followed by ampicillin (40.5%) and tetracycline (31.6%). Resistance to nalidixic acid was detected in 81.0% of <italic>S</italic>. Enteritidis. Multidrug resistance was detected in 43.3% of <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. <italic>S</italic>. Enteritidis and <italic>S</italic>. Typhimurium presented the highest resistance (98.3%) and multidrug resistance rate (73.3%), respectively. The most highly observed antibiotic resistance pattern among <italic>Salmonella</italic> spp. in this study was ampicillin-chloramphenicol (14 strains, 5.7%),</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Overall, <italic>S</italic>. Enteritidis and <italic>S</italic>. Typhimurium showed higher antibiotic resistance than the other <italic>Salmonella</italic> serotypes tested in this study. Our study will provide useful information for investigating the sources of <italic>Salmonella</italic> infections, as well as selecting effective antibiotics for treatment.</p></sec>
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