Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Review Article

Worldwide prevalence of fungal coinfections among COVID-19 patients: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis: Saber Soltani, Milad Zandi, Samireh Faramarzi, Ramin Shahbahrami, Mohebat Vali, Sara Akhavan Rezayat, Reza Pakzad, Pooneh Malekifar, Iraj Pakzad, Neda Jahandoost, Jalal Moludi; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(1):15-23. Published online February 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0293

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Microbial coinfections can increase the morbidity and mortality rates of viral respiratory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of fungal coinfections in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and Embase were searched without language restrictions to identify the related research on COVID-19 patients with fungal coinfections from December 1, 2019, to December 30, 2020. A random-effects model was used for analysis. The sample size included 2,246 patients from 8 studies. The pooled prevalence of fungal coinfections was 12.60%. The frequency of fungal subtype coinfections was 3.71% for Aspergillus, 2.39% for Candida, and 0.39% for other. The World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Europe and Regional Office for Southeast Asia had the highest (23.28%) and lowest (4.53%) estimated prevalence of fungal coinfection, respectively. Our findings showed a high prevalence of fungal coinfections in COVID-19 cases, which is a likely contributor to mortality in COVID-19 patients. Early identification of fungal pathogens in the laboratory for COVID-19 patients can lead to timely treatment and prevention of further damage by this hidden infection.

Original Articles

Specification of Bacteriophage Isolated Against Clinical Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Ahmad Nasser, Reza Azizian, Mohsen Tabasi, Jamil Kheirvari Khezerloo, Fatemah Sadeghpour Heravi, Morovat Taheri Kalani, Norkhoda Sadeghifard, Razieh Amini, Iraj Pakzad, Amin Radmanesh, Farid Azizi Jalilian; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(1):20-24. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.1.05

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

The emergence of resistant bacteria is being increasingly reported around the world, potentially threatening millions of lives. Amongst resistant bacteria, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most challenging to treat. This is due to emergent MRSA strains and less effective traditional antibiotic therapies to Staphylococcal infections. The use of bacteriophages (phages) against MRSA is a new, potential alternate therapy. In this study, morphology, genetic and protein structure of lytic phages against MRSA have been analysed.

Methods

Isolation of livestock and sewage bacteriophages were performed using 0.4 μm membrane filters. Plaque assays were used to determine phage quantification by double layer agar method. Pure plaques were then amplified for further characterization. Sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA were run for protein evaluation, and genotyping respectively. Transmission electron microscope was also used to detect the structure and taxonomic classification of phage visually.

Results

Head and tail morphology of bacteriophages against MRSA were identified by transmission electron microscopy and assigned to the Siphoviridae family and the Caudovirales order.

Conclusion

Bacteriophages are the most abundant microorganism on Earth and coexist with the bacterial population. They can destroy bacterial cells successfully and effectively. They cannot enter mammalian cells which saves the eukaryotic cells from lytic phage activity. In conclusion, phage therapy may have many potential applications in microbiology and human medicine with no side effect on eukaryotic cells.

Citations

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Jungu Kang, Yoonjee Chang
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Isolation and encapsulation of bacteriophage with chitosan nanoparticles for biocontrol of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from broiler poultry farms
Mona M. Elsayed, Rasha M. Elkenany, Ayman Y. EL-Khateeb, Nehal M. Nabil, Maram M. Tawakol, Heba M. Hassan
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunomodulation in Non-traditional Therapies for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Management
Suthi Subbarayudu, S. Karthick Raja Namasivayam, Jesu Arockiaraj
Current Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
P1 Bacteriophage-Enabled Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Antimicrobial Activity Against Shigella flexneri
Yang W. Huan, Vincenzo Torraca, Russell Brown, Jidapha Fa-arun, Sydney L. Miles, Diego A. Oyarzún, Serge Mostowy, Baojun Wang
ACS Synthetic Biology.2023; 12(3): 709. CrossRef
Staphylococcus aureus Dormancy: Waiting for Insurgency
Ahmad Nasser, Shiva Jahanbakhshi, Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Maryam Banar, Azin Sattari-Maraji, Taher Azimi
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.2023; 24(15): 1898. CrossRef
Recent advance on nanoparticles or nanomaterials with anti-multidrug resistant bacteria and anti-bacterial biofilm properties: A systematic review
Farhad Moradi, Arshin Ghaedi, Zahra Fooladfar, Aida Bazrgar
Heliyon.2023; 9(11): e22105. CrossRef
Isolation and characterization of lytic bacteriophages from sewage at an egyptian tertiary care hospital against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates
Safia Samir, Amira El-Far, Hend Okasha, Rania Mahdy, Fatima Samir, Sami Nasr
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences.2022; 29(5): 3097. CrossRef
Staphylococcus aureus: Biofilm Formation and Strategies Against it
Ahmad Nasser , Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal, Shiva Jahanbakhshi, Taher Azimi, Leila Nikouei
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.2022; 23(5): 664. CrossRef
An Anti-MRSA Phage From Raw Fish Rinse: Stability Evaluation and Production Optimization
Israa M. Abd-Allah, Ghadir S. El-Housseiny, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Samar S. El-Masry, Khaled M. Aboshanab, Nadia A. Hassouna
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular mechanisms of Shigella effector proteins: a common pathogen among diarrheic pediatric population
Ahmad Nasser, Mehrdad Mosadegh, Taher Azimi, Aref Shariati
Molecular and Cellular Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
A Metal-Containing NP Approach to Treat Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prospects and Challenges
Wendy Wai Yeng Yeo, Sathiya Maran, Amanda Shen-Yee Kong, Wan-Hee Cheng, Swee-Hua Erin Lim, Jiun-Yan Loh, Kok-Song Lai
Materials.2022; 15(17): 5802. CrossRef
Electrochemical Biosensors for Pathogen Detection: An Updated Review
Morteza Banakar, Masoud Hamidi, Zohaib Khurshid, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Janak Sapkota, Reza Azizian, Dinesh Rokaya
Biosensors.2022; 12(11): 927. CrossRef
Isolation of a lytic bacteriophage for Helicobacter pylori
Sara Khosravi, Razieh Amini, Mohammad Reza Arabestani, Seyed Saman Talebi, Farid Azizi Jalilian
Gene Reports.2021; 23: 101107. CrossRef
Bacteriophage Therapy for Critical and High-Priority Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Phage Cocktail-Antibiotic Formulation Perspective
Gursneh Kaur, Ritika Agarwal, Rakesh Kumar Sharma
Food and Environmental Virology.2021; 13(4): 433. CrossRef
A comprehensive review of bacterial osteomyelitis with emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus
Ahmad Nasser, Taher Azimi, Soheila Ostadmohammadi, Samaneh Ostadmohammadi
Microbial Pathogenesis.2020; 148: 104431. CrossRef
Characterization of the Three New Kayviruses and Their Lytic Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Natalia Łubowska, Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz, Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka, Agata Zauszkiewicz-Pawlak, Alicja Węgrzyn, Barbara Dołęgowska, Lidia Piechowicz
Microorganisms.2019; 7(10): 471. CrossRef

Anti-biofilm Properties of Peganum harmala against Candida albicans: Elham Aboualigalehdari, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Morovat Taherikalani, Zaynab Zargoush, Zahra Tahmasebi, Behzad Badakhsh, Arman Rostamzad, Sobhan Ghafourian, Iraj Pakzad; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(2):116-118. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.12.010

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Vaginitis still remains as a health issue in women. It is notable that Candida albicans producing biofilm is considered a microorganism responsible for vaginitis with hard to treat. Also, Peganum harmala was applied as an anti fungal in treatment for many infections in Iran. Therefore, this study goal to investigate the role of P. harmala in inhibition of biofilm formation in C. albicans.
Methods
So, 27 C. albicans collected from women with Vaginitis, then subjected for biofilm formation assay. P. harmala was applied as antibiofilm formation in C. albicans.
Results
Our results demonstrated that P. harmala in concentration of 12 μg/ml easily inhibited strong biofilm formation; while the concentrations of 10 and 6 μg/ml inhibited biofilm formation in moderate and weak biofilm formation C. albicans strains, respectively.
Conclusion
Hence, the current study presented P. harmala as antibiofilm herbal medicine for C. albicans; but in vivo study suggested to be performed to confirm its effectiveness.

Citations

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Effect of Peganum harmala Extract on Biofilm and Involved Gene Expression in Biofilm Production of Candida albicans
Maryam Erfaninejad, Elham Aboualigalehdari, Mahnaz Fatahinia
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Antifungal Mechanisms of a Chinese Herbal Medicine, Cao Huang Gui Xiang, Against Candida Species
Huizhen Yue, Xiaolong Xu, Shasha He, Xuran Cui, Yuhong Guo, Jingxia Zhao, Bing Peng, Qingquan Liu
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
An overview on ethnobotanico-pharmacological studies carried out in Morocco, from 1991 to 2015: Systematic review (part 1)
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Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2021; 267: 113200. CrossRef
Improving health benefits with considering traditional and modern health benefits of Peganum harmala
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Clinical Phytoscience.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Phytomedicine from Middle Eastern Countries: An Alternative Remedy to Modern Medicine against Candida spp Infection
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Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medic.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
In vitro and in vivo activity of Peganum harmala L. alkaloids against phytopathogenic bacteria
Hanan A. Shaheen, Marwa Y. Issa
Scientia Horticulturae.2020; 264: 108940. CrossRef
Molecules and Metabolites from Natural Products as Inhibitors of Biofilm in Candida spp. pathogens
Rajeev K. Singla, Ashok K. Dubey
Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry.2019; 19(28): 2567. CrossRef
Assessment of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Ziziphus lotus and Peganum harmala
Leila Ait Abderrahim, Khaled Taïbi, Chahinez Ait Abderrahim
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transac.2019; 43(2): 409. CrossRef
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation and Anti-biofilm Properties of Peganum Harmala and Crocus Sativus in Shigella Flexneri Clinical Isolates
Mahsa Jalili, Mansour Amraei, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard, Sobhan Ghafourian
The Open Microbiology Journal.2019; 13(1): 297. CrossRef
PgTeL, the lectin found in Punica granatum juice, is an antifungal agent against Candida albicans and Candida krusei
Pollyanna Michelle da Silva, Maiara Celine de Moura, Francis Soares Gomes, Danielle da Silva Trentin, Ana Patrícia Silva de Oliveira, Gabriela Souto Vieira de Mello, Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta, Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rego, Luana Cassandra Breitenb
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High Prevalence of AmpC β-Lactamases in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli in Ilam, Iran: Abbas Maleki, Afra Khosravi, Sobhan Ghafourian, Iraj Pakzad, Shiva Hosseini, Rashid Ramazanzadeh, Nourkhoda Sadeghifard; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(3):201-204. Published online June 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.02.001

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Widespread use of β-lactam antibiotics could cause resistance to this group of antibiotics in pathogenic bacteria through the production of the enzyme β-lactamases. The aim of this study is to determine the molecular detection of AmpC β-lactamases among clinical Escherichia coli isolated from Ilam hospitals in Ilam, Iran.
Methods
One hundred and twelve clinical isolates of E. coli were collected from hospitalized patients and were identified by biochemical tests. They were evaluated for extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production, and the positive strains were subjected to AmpC enzymes; for detection of AmpC cluster genes, multiplex polymerase chain reaction was applied.
Results
The analysis showed 62.5% of isolates were ESBLs positive and that five strains revealed the AmpC cluster genes. This is the first report of FOXM cluster genes in E. coli in Iran.
Conclusion
Based on our results, the prevalence of AmpC β-lactamases is increasing in Iran, which caused failure in antibiotic therapy. So, the current study recommended the revision of antibiotic policy in Iranian hospitals.

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M. Sadeghi, H. Sedigh Ebrahim-Saraie, A. Mojtahedi
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Amp-CKlebsiella-Induced Chorioamnionitis and Associated Abnormalities in Cardiotocography: A Case Report with a Narrative Review
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Molecular characteristics, antimicrobial resistance profiles, and antibiotic resistance determinants in uropathogenic fluoroquinolone resistant-Escherichia coli isolates
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Fatemeh Fallah, Taher Azimi, Leila Azimi, Abdollah Karimi, Mohammad Rahbar, Mehdi Shirdoust, Iraj Sedighi, Ata Saadat Sadeghi, Shahnaz Armin
Gene Reports.2020; 21: 100868. CrossRef
Plasmid-Mediated AmpC β-Lactamase CITM and DHAM Genes Among Gram-Negative Clinical Isolates

Subhas Chandra Aryal, Milan Kumar Upreti, Anil Kumar Sah, Mehraj Ansari, Krishus Nepal, Binod Dhungel, Nabaraj Adhikari, Binod Lekhak, Komal Raj Rijal
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Khanda Anoar, Sherko Omer, Bayan Majid, Hero Rahim, Shno Muhammed
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