Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Seong-Han Kim

7 Articles

Evaluation and Comparison of Molecular and Conventional Diagnostic Tests for Detecting Tuberculosis in Korea, 2013: Sang-Hee Park, Chang-Ki Kim, Hye-Ran Jeong, Hyunjin Son, Seong-Han Kim, Mi-Sun Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(Suppl):S3-S7. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.006

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Objectives
A fast and accurate diagnosis is necessary to control and eliminate tuberculosis (TB). In Korea, TB continues to be a serious public health problem. In this study, diagnostic tests on clinical samples from patients suspected to have TB were performed and the sensitivity and specificity of the various techniques were compared. The main objective of the study was to compare various diagnostic tests and evaluate their sensitivity and specificity for detecting tuberculosis.
Methods
From January 2013 to December 2013, 170,240 clinical samples from patients suspected to have TB were tested with smear microscopy, acid-fast bacilli culture, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The test results were compared and data were analyzed.
Results
A total of 8216 cultures tested positive for TB (positive detection rate, 4.8%). The contamination rate in the culture was 0.6% and the isolation rate of nontuberculous mycobacteria was 1.0%. The sensitivity and specificity of smear microscopy were 56.8% and 99.6%, respectively. The concordance rate between the solid and liquid cultures was 92.8%. Mycobacterium isolates were not detected in 0.4% of the cases in the liquid culture, whereas no Mycobacterium isolates were detected in 6.8% of the cases in the solid culture. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR for the solid culture were 97.2% and 72.4%, respectively, whereas the corresponding data for the liquid culture were 93.5% and 97.2%.
Conclusion
The study results can be used to improve existing TB diagnosis procedure as well as for comparing the effectiveness of the assay tests used for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.

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The Xpert® MTB/RIF diagnostic test for pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients: Benefits and experiences over 2 years in different clinical contexts
Ana Paula de Oliveira Tomaz, Sonia Mara Raboni, Gislene Maria Botão Kussen, Keite da Silva Nogueira, Clea Elisa Lopes Ribeiro, Libera Maria Dalla Costa, Padmapriya P. Banada
PLOS ONE.2021; 16(3): e0247185. CrossRef
Comparative performance of the laboratory assays used by a Diagnostic Laboratory Hub for opportunistic infections in people living with HIV
Narda Medina, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Danicela Mercado, Oscar Bonilla, Juan C. Pérez, Luis Aguirre, Blanca Samayoa, Eduardo Arathoon, David W. Denning, Juan Luis Rodriguez-Tudela
AIDS.2020; 34(11): 1625. CrossRef
Multiplex PCR is a Rapid, Simple and Cheap Method for Direct Diagnosis of M. tuberculosis from Sputum Samples
Tarig M.S. Alnour, Faisel Abuduhier , Mohammed Khatatneh , Fahad Albalawi , Khalid Alfifi , Bernard Silvala
Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets .2020; 20(4): 495. CrossRef
Naked eye detection of theMycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex by recombinase polymerase amplification-SYBR green I assays
Nuntita Singpanomchai, Yukihiro Akeda, Kazunori Tomono, Aki Tamaru, Pitak Santanirand, Panan Ratthawongjirakul
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis.2019; 33(2): e22655. CrossRef
Retropharyngeal SOL: An unusual presentation of a multifaceted entity
Poojan Agarwal, Manju Kaushal, Shruti Dogra, Ankur Gupta, Nishi Sharma
CytoJournal.2018; 15: 12. CrossRef
Rapid Detection of Rifampicin- and Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis using TaqMan Allelic Discrimination
Davood Darban-Sarokhalil, Mohammad J. Nasiri, Abbas A.I. Fooladi, Parvin Heidarieh, Mohammad M. Feizabadi
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(2): 127. CrossRef
Port site infection in laparoscopic surgery: A review of its management
Prakash K Sasmal
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2015; 3(10): 864. CrossRef

Prevalent Multidrug-resistant Nonvaccine Serotypes in Pneumococcal Carriage of Healthy Korean Children Associated with the Low Coverage of the Seven-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine: Sungkyoung Lee, Ji-Hye Kim, Seong-Han Kim, Misun Park, Songmee Bae; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(6):316-322. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.10.004

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Our previous longitudinal multicenter-based carriage study showed that the average carriage rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 16.8% in 582 healthy children attending kindergarten or elementary school in Seoul, Korea. We assessed serotype-specific prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among colonizing pneumococcal isolates from young children in the era of low use of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7).
Methods
Serotypes were determined by an agglutination test with specific antisera or by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. An antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed with broth microdilution in Korean 96-well panels from Dade-MicroScan (Sacramento, CA, USA).
Results
Pneumococcal colonization patterns were dynamic and longterm persistent carriage was rare, which indicated a sequential turnover of pneumococcal strains. Of the 369 pneumococci (except for 23 killed isolates), 129 (34.9%) isolates were PCV7 vaccine serotypes (VTs); 213 (57.8%) isolates were nonvaccine serotypes (NVTs); and the remaining 27 (7.2%) isolates were nontypable (NT). The highest rates of multidrug resistance (MDR) were observed in VTs (86.0%; 111/129 isolates) and NVTs (70.0%; 149/213 isolates).
Conclusion
This study overall showed the frequent carriage of VTs and NVTs with MDR in healthy children attending kindergarten or elementary school. Efforts should be directed toward reducing the extensive prescription of antibiotics and using new broader vaccines to reduce the expansion of MDR strains of NVTs in our community.

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Characterization of Pneumococcal Colonization Dynamics and Antimicrobial Resistance Using Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing in Intensively Sampled South African Infants
Rendani I. Manenzhe, Felix S. Dube, Meredith Wright, Katie Lennard, Stephanie Mounaud, Stephanie W. Lo, Heather J. Zar, William C. Nierman, Mark P. Nicol, Clinton Moodley
Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Encouraging rational antibiotic use in childhood pneumonia: a focus on Vietnam and the Western Pacific Region
Nguyen T. K. Phuong, Tran T. Hoang, Pham H. Van, Lolyta Tu, Stephen M. Graham, Ben J. Marais
Pneumonia.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Bacterial Density, Serotype Distribution and Antibiotic Resistance of Pneumococcal Strains from the Nasopharynx of Peruvian Children Before and After Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine 7
Christiane R. Hanke, Carlos G. Grijalva, Sopio Chochua, Mathias W. Pletz, Claudia Hornberg, Kathryn M. Edwards, Marie R. Griffin, Hector Verastegui, Ana I. Gil, Claudio F. Lanata, Keith P. Klugman, Jorge E. Vidal
Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal.2016; 35(4): 432. CrossRef

Enhanced Type III Secretion System Expression of Atypical Shigella flexneri II:(3)4,7(8): Sahyun Hong, Injun Cha, Nan-Ok Kim, Seong-Han Kim, Kyung-Tae Jung, Je-Hee Lee, Dong-Wook Kim, Mi-Sun Park, Yeon-Ho Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(4):222-228. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.10.002

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Abstract PDF: Objectives
We aimed at evaluating the virulence of atypical Shigella flexneri II:(3)4,7(8) by DNA microarray and invasion assay.
Methods
We used a customized S. flexneri DNA microarray to analyze an atypical S. flexneri II:(3)4,7(8) gene expression profile and compared it with that of the S. flexneri 2b strain.
Results
Approximately one-quarter of the atypical S. flexneri II:(3)4,7(8) strain genes showed significantly altered expression profiles; 344 genes were more than two-fold upregulated, and 442 genes were more than 0.5-fold downregulated. The upregulated genes were divided into the category of 21 clusters of orthologous groups (COGs), and the “not in COGs” category included 170 genes. This category had virulence plasmid genes, including the ipa-mxi-spa genes required for invasion of colorectal epithelium (type III secretion system). Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction results also showed the same pattern in two more atypical S. flexneri II:(3)4,7(8) strains. Atypical S. flexneri II:(3)4,7(8) showed four times increased invasion activity in Caco-2 cells than that of typical strains.
Conclusion
Our results provide the intracellularly regulated genes that may be important for adaptation and growth strategies of this atypical S. flexneri.

Resistance to Fluoroquinolone by a Combination of Efflux and Target Site Mutations in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated in Korea: Jun-Young Kim, Se-Mi Jeon, Hyungjun Kim, Nara Lim, Mi-Sun Park, Seong-Han Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2012;3(4):239-244. Published online December 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2012.11.002

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) was recently reported as a major diarrheagenic pathogen in infant and adult travelers, both in developing and developed countries. EAEC strains are known to be highly resistant to antibiotics including quinolones. Therefore in this study we have determined the various mechanisms of quinolone resistance in EAEC strains isolated in Korea.
Methods
For 26 EAEC strains highly resistant to fluoroquinolone, minimal inhibitory concentrations for fluoroquinolones were determined, mutations in the quinolone target genes were identified by PCR and sequencing, the presence of transferable quinolone resistance mechanism were identified by PCR, and the contribution of the efflux pump was determined by synergy tests using a proton pump inhibitor. The expression levels of efflux pump-related genes were identified by relative quantification using real-time PCR.
Results
Apart from two, all tested isolates had common mutations on GyrA (Ser83Leu and Ser87Gly) and ParC (Ser80Gln). Isolates EACR24 and EACR39 had mutations that have not been reported previously: Ala81Pro in ParC and Arg157Gly in GyrA, respectively. Increased susceptibility of all the tested isolates to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin in the presence of the pump inhibitor implies that efflux pumps contributed to the resistance against fluoroquinolones. Expression of the efflux pump-related genes, tolC, mdfA, and ydhE, were induced in isolates EACR 07, EACR 29, and EACR 33 in the presence of ciprofloxacin.
Conclusion
These results indicate that quinolone resistance of EAEC strains mainly results from the combination of mutations in the target enzyme and an increased expression of efflux pump-related genes. The mutations Ala81Pro in ParC and Arg157Gly in GyrA have not been reported previously the exact influence of these mutations should be investigated further.

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Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations and Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Sawsan Mohammed Kareem, Israa MS Al-kadmy, Saba S Kazaal, Alaa N Mohammed Ali, Sarah Naji Aziz, Rabab R Makharita, Abdelazeem M Algammal, Salim Al-Rejaie, Tapan Behl, Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Mohamed A El-Mokhtar, Helal F Hetta
Infection and Drug Resistance.2021; Volume 14: 555. CrossRef
Fluoroquinolone-Transition Metal Complexes: A Strategy to Overcome Bacterial Resistance
Mariana Ferreira, Paula Gameiro
Microorganisms.2021; 9(7): 1506. CrossRef
Frequency of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from urinary tract infections in Azerbaijan, Iran
Robab Azargun, Mohammad Hossein Soroush Barhaghi, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Mahin Ahangar Oskouee, Vahid Sadeghi, Mohammad Yousef Memar, Reza Ghotaslou
Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance.2019; 17: 39. CrossRef
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Kassandra L. Grimes, Laura J. Dunphy, Erica M. Loudermilk, A. Jasmin Melara, Glynis L. Kolling, Jason A. Papin, Lisa M. Colosi
Chemosphere.2019; 237: 124421. CrossRef
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Yuehua Gong, Yuan Yuan
Critical Reviews in Microbiology.2018; 44(3): 371. CrossRef
E. coli Group 1 Capsular Polysaccharide Exportation Nanomachinary as a Plausible Antivirulence Target in the Perspective of Emerging Antimicrobial Resistance
Shivangi Sachdeva, Raghuvamsi V. Palur, Karpagam U. Sudhakar, Thenmalarchelvi Rathinavelan
Frontiers in Microbiology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance in Different Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Pathotypes Responsible for Complicated, Noncomplicated, and Traveler's Diarrhea Cases
Silvia Herrera-León, María Teresa Llorente, Sergio Sánchez
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy.2016; 60(3): 1950. CrossRef
Determinants of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli causing community-acquired urinary tract infection in Bejaia, Algeria
Yanat Betitra, Vinuesa Teresa, Viñas Miguel, Touati Abdelaziz
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2014; 7(6): 462. CrossRef

A Contribution of MdfA to Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Shigella flexneri: Jun-Young Kim, Se-Mi Jeon, Hyungjun Kim, Mi-Sun Park, Seong-Han Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(3):216-217. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.049

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In this study, we measured the drug resistance conferred by mdfA mutations in two Shigella flexneri strains. A mutant in mdfA genes was constructed by polymerase chain reaction–based, one-step inactivation of chromosomal genes. The antimicrobial susceptibility of parent and mutant strains to fluoroquinolones was determined by minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs). The △mdfA mutants were somewhat more susceptible to fluoroquinolones than the parent strains. The low level changes in MICs of the △mdfA mutants suggest that mdfA contributed the fluoroquinolone resistance in S flexneri. This finding found that the increased expression level of an MdfA efflux pump mediated fluoroquinolone resistance, but it is not likely a major effecter of higher resistance levels.

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Comparative genomics analysis of Raoultella planticola S25 isolated from duck in China, with florfenicol resistance
Yabo Liu, Fei Wu, Qing Chen, Yuanyuan Ying, Yi Jiang, Junwan Lu, Xi Lin, Kewei Li, Teng Xu, Qiyu Bao, Liyan Ni
Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectiou.2020; 68: 101398. CrossRef
Efflux pumps of Gram-negative bacteria in brief
Ibtesam Ghadban Auda, Istabreq M. Ali Salman, Jameelah Gh. Odah
Gene Reports.2020; 20: 100666. CrossRef
Molecular Characterization of a Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain R46 Isolated from a Rabbit
Fei Wu, Yuanyuan Ying, Min Yin, Yi Jiang, Chongyang Wu, Changrui Qian, Qianqian Chen, Kai Shen, Cong Cheng, Licheng Zhu, Kewei Li, Teng Xu, Qiyu Bao, Junwan Lu
International Journal of Genomics.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Emergence of antibiotic resistant Shigella species: A matter of concern
Minakshi Puzari, Mohan Sharma, Pankaj Chetia
Journal of Infection and Public Health.2018; 11(4): 451. CrossRef
Update on:Shigellanew serogroups/serotypes and their antimicrobial resistance
D.P. Muthuirulandi Sethuvel, N.K. Devanga Ragupathi, S. Anandan, B. Veeraraghavan
Letters in Applied Microbiology.2017; 64(1): 8. CrossRef
The Challenge of Efflux-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria
Xian-Zhi Li, Patrick Plésiat, Hiroshi Nikaido
Clinical Microbiology Reviews.2015; 28(2): 337. CrossRef
Anti-Bacillusand Anti-ShigellaActivities of the Essential Oil fromPerilla fruescensvar.japonicaHara
H. Lim, S. Shin
Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants.2014; 17(2): 309. CrossRef

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Fecal Isolates From Healthy Persons and Patients With Diarrhea: Seung-Hak Cho, Yeong-Sik Lim, Mi-Sun Park, Seong-Han Kim, Yeon-Ho Kang; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(1):41-45. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.05.003

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in fecal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy persons and patients with diarrhea.
Methods
E. coli isolates (n = 428) were obtained from fecal samples of apparently healthy volunteers and hospitalized patients with diarrhea. Susceptibility patterns of isolates to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by agar disc diffusion.
Results
Most E. coli isolates exhibited less than 10% resistance against imipenem, cefotetan, aztreonam, cefepime, cefoxitin, amikacin and netilamicin, although greater than 65% were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline. No significant difference in resistance rates for all tested antibiotics was found between isolates from the healthy-and diarrheal-patient groups, including for multi-drug resistance (p = 0.22). The highest number of resistant antibiotics was 12 antibiotics. No significant differences in antibiotic resistance were found among the sex and age strata for isolates from healthy individuals. However, antibiotic resistance rates to cefoxitin, cefotaxime, amikacin, and netilamicin were significantly higher in the isolates of men than those of women (p < 0.05) in isolates from patients with diarrhea. Furthermore, isolates from patients with diarrhea older than 40-years of age showed higher resistance to cefepime and aztreonam (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
High resistance to the antibiotics most frequently prescribed for diarrhea was found in isolates from patients with diarrhea and apparently healthy individuals without any significant difference.

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Distribution of Virulence Genes and Their Association of Serotypes in Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates From Diarrheal Patients in Korea: Seung-Hak Cho, Kyung-Hwan Oh, Seong-Han Kim, Hee-Bok Oh, Mi-Sun Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2010;1(1):29-35. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2010.12.008

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
To characterise the genetic and serological diversity of pathogenic Escherichia coli, we tested 111 E coli strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Korea between 2003 and 2006.
Methods
The isolates were tested through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and slide agglutination method for the detection of virulence genes and serotypes, respectively. To compare the expression of Shiga toxin (stx)-1 and stx2 genes, real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and rapid exprssion assay, reversed-passive latex agglutination, were performed.
Results
Forty-nine Shiga toxin-producing E coli (STEC) strains and 62 non-STEC strains, including 20 enteropathogenic E coli, 20 enterotoxigenic E coli, 20 enteroaggregative E coli, and 2 enteroinvasive E coli were randomly chosen from the strains isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Korea between 2003 and 2006. PCR analysis indicated that locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island, that is, eaeA, espADB, and tir genes were present in STEC, enteropathogenic E coli, and enteroinvasive E coli. Quorum sensing-related gene luxS was detected in most of pathogenic E coli strains. Major serotypes of the STEC strains were O157 (26%) and O26 (20%), whereas the non-STEC strains possessed various serotypes. Especially, all the strains with serotype O157 carried stx2 and the tested virulence factors. Of the STEC strains, the data of real-time quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR and reversed-passive latex agglutination tests showed that messenger RNA- and protein expression of stx2 gene were higher than those of stx1 gene.
Conclusion
Our results provide the epidemiological information regarding the trend of STEC and non-STEC infections in the general population and show the fundamental data in association of serotypes with virulence genes in diarrhoeagenic E coli strains from Korea.

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