- Exposure of Infants to Aflatoxin M1 from Mother's Breast Milk in Ilam, Western Iran
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Farajollah Maleki, Soghra Abdi, Elaham Davodian, Karimeh Haghani, Salar Bakhtiyari
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Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(5):283-287. Published online October 31, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.001
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3,615
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Abstract
PDF
- Objectives
Aflatoxins as a highly toxic group of mycotoxins are present in the environment and foodstuff. These have been reported to cause serious health problems in humans. Since aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is excreted into breast milk, investigating the exposure of infants to AFM1 is of special concern. Methods
In the present study, breast milk samples were collected from 85 lactating mothers in Ilam province, Iran, and the levels of AFM1 were analyzed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based technique. AFM1 was detected in breast milk of all lactating women. The mean contamination level was 5.91 ± 2.031 ng/L, ranging from 2 ng/L to 10 ng/L. Results
Multiple regression analysis indicated no significant associations of consumption of milk and dairy products, meat, fish, legumes, grain products, fruits, and nuts with the concentration of AFM1 in breast milk. Furthermore, no significant association was observed between AFM1 concentration and anthropometric data of infants. Conclusion
In western parts of Iran, lactating mothers and their infants could be at risk of aflatoxin B1 and AFM1 exposure, respectively. Therefore, in Iran, the evaluation of AFM1 in human breast milk as a biomarker for postnatal exposure of infants to this carcinogen requires more attention in different regions and various seasons.
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Citations
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- Association of TNF-α 308 G/A Polymorphism With Type 2 Diabetes: A Case–Control Study in the Iranian Kurdish Ethnic Group
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Hasan Golshani, Karimeh Haghani, Majid Dousti, Salar Bakhtiyari
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Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(2):94-99. Published online April 30, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.01.003
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3,461
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Abstract
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- Objectives
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays roles in the development of obesity, insulin resistance, and possibility of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the association of TNF-α promoter−308 G/A polymorphism with T2DM. Methods
In all, 1038 patients with T2DM and 1023 normoglycemic controls were included in this study. All participants were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Genotypic and allelic frequencies were then analyzed in each group. Serum lipids, fasting glucose, fasting serum insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and hemoglogin A1c levels were determined by conventional methods. Results
The allelic frequency of the A allele was significantly different between case and control participants (p = 0.006). Genotypes GA and AA were found to be significantly associated with 2.24- and 3.18-fold increased risk for T2DM, respectively. Similarly, the dominant model of -308 G/A polymorphism was found to have a higher risk for T2DM (odds ratio = 2.34, p = 0.001). Individuals with T2DM carrying the GA + AA genotypes of -308 G/A variation had significantly lower fasting plasma insulin than those carrying GG genotype. Conclusion
Our findings revealed that there is an association between the TNF-α promoter -308 G/A polymorphism and T2DM in this population.
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- Effects of Fenugreek Seed Extract and Swimming Endurance Training on Plasma Glucose and Cardiac Antioxidant Enzymes Activity in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
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Sajad Arshadi, Salar Bakhtiyari, Karimeh Haghani, Ahmad Valizadeh
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Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(2):87-93. Published online April 30, 2015
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.12.007
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3,383
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22
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15
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Abstract
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- Objective
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by chronic hyperglycemia condition resulting from defective insulin secretion or resistance insulin action, or both. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks swimming training and Trigonella foenum-graecum seed (fenugreek) extract, alone and in combination, on plasma glucose and cardiac antioxidant enzyme activity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods
Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: diabetic control (DC, n = 8); healthy control (HC, n = 11); swimming training (S, n = 11); swimming training + fenugreek seed extract (1.74 g/kg body weight; SF1, n = 11); and swimming training + fenugreek seed extract (0.87 g/kg body weight; SF2, n = 9). Streptozotocin was used for the induction of diabetes. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey test. Results
In comparison with the DC group, all groups exhibited a significant decrease in body weight (p < 0.05), except for the HC group. SF1 and HC groups showed significant decreases in plasma glucose levels compared with the DC group (p < 0.05). S, SF1, SF2, and HC groups showed significant elevations in cardiac antioxidant enzymes activity in comparison with the DC group. Conclusion
The results indicated that the combination of endurance swimming training and fenugreek seed extract can significantly reduce the plasma glucose levels and increase cardiac antioxidant enzymes activity in diabetic rats. Our findings suggest that this combination could be useful for the treatment of hyperglycemia and cardiac oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus.
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