Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Mahmood Moosazadeh

7 Articles

Enrolment Phase Results of the Tabari Cohort Study: Comparing Family History, Lipids and Anthropometric Profiles Among Diabetic Patients: Mahmood Moosazadeh, Mahdi Afshari, Kaveh Jafari, Motahareh Kheradmand, Zahra Kashi, Mohsen Aarabi, Adeleh Bahar, Mohammad Khademloo; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2019;10(5):289-294. Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2019.10.5.05

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Objectives

Different factors are responsible for the silent epidemic of diabetes mellitus in developing and developed countries. This study aimed to determine the role of demographic factors, lipid profile, family history (the estimation of genetic association) and anthropometric factors on diabetes onset.

Methods

Data from the enrolment phase of the Tabari Cohort study was applied for this study and included 10,255 participants aged between 35–70 years. Anthropometric variables were measured by trained staff using standard tools. Blood specimens were collected for lipid profile and blood glucose measurements. Data analyses were performed using SPSS version 24, with univariate and multivariate logistic regression.

Results

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was estimated to be 17.2% in the cohort population, 15.6% in men, and 18.3% in women. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for age groups 40–49, 50–59 and over 60 were 2.58 (2.20–3.69), 5.80 (4.51–7.48) and 8.72 (6.67–11.39), respectively. In addition, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for 2 (or more), and 1 affected family member were 4.12 (3.55–4.90) and 2.34 (2.07–2.65), respectively. Triglyceride concentrations more than 500, and abnormal high-density lipoprotein levels increased the odds of diabetes mellitus by 3.29- and 1.18-fold, respectively.

Conclusion

The current study showed that old age and a family history were strong predictors for diabetes mellitus.

Citations

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The prevalence and determinants of diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorder comorbidity in Tabari cohort population
Mahmood Moosazadeh, Saeedeh Khakhki, Adele Bahar, Akbar Hedayatizadeh-Omran, Motahareh Kheradmand, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Erfan Ghadirzadeh
Scientific Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Free-fatty acid receptor-4 gene polymorphism (rs61866610) and colorectal cancer risk
Ramin Shekarriz, Maryam Hasanian, Mohadeseh Ahmadi, Versa Omrani-Nava, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei
Nucleosides, Nucleotides & Nucleic Acids.2024; : 1. CrossRef
The relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-management in patients with diabetes type 1
Sima Rafiei, Saber Souri, Zahra Nejatifar, Mohammad Amerzadeh
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence and determinants of diabetes and prediabetes in southwestern Iran: the Khuzestan comprehensive health study (KCHS)
Sanam Hariri, Zahra Rahimi, Nahid Hashemi-Madani, Seyyed Ali Mard, Farnaz Hashemi, Zahra Mohammadi, Leila Danehchin, Farhad Abolnezhadian, Aliasghar Valipour, Yousef Paridar, Mohammad Mahdi Mir-Nasseri, Alireza Khajavi, Sahar Masoudi, Saba Alvand, Bahman
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Children in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Mahmood Moosazadeh, Ghasem Abedi, Mahdi Afshari, Seif Ali Mahdavi, Fereshteh Farshidi, Elham Kheradmand; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(2):108-115. Published online April 30, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.2.02

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Enterobius vermicularis is a parasitic disease that is common in crowded areas such as schools and kindergartens. Primary investigations of electronic evidence have reported different prevalences of E. vermicularis in Iran. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the total prevalence of this infection among Iranian children using a meta-analysis.

Methods

Relevant studies were identified in national and international databases. We selected eligible papers for meta-analysis after investigating titles, abstracts, and full texts; assessing study quality; and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data were extracted by two independent researchers. The results were combined using a random effects model in Stata v. 11 software.

Results

Among 19 eligible articles including 11,676 participants, the prevalences of E. vermicularis among all children, boys, and girls were 1.2%–66.1%, 2.3%–65.5%, and 1.7%–65.5%, respectively. Pooled prevalences (95% confidence interval) of E. vermicularis among all children, boys, and girls were 17.2% (12.6%–21.8%), 17.2% (12.6%–21.8%), and 16.9% (9.03%–24.8%), respectively.

Conclusion

This meta-analysis showed that a great majority of Iranian children are infected with E. vermicularis, possibly due to poor public health.

Citations

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Unveiling the disparities between private and public preschools in the risk for pinworm infections in China: a multicentre cross-sectional study
Fanzhen Mao, Xiangzhen Xu, Feng Tang, Bixian Ni, Qiang Zhang, Jiayao Zhang, Yaobao Liu, You Li, Jun Cao
BMC Public Health.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) infestation mimicking acute appendicitis in two children from Palestine: a case report
Issam Jawabreh, Ahmad Amro, Kifaya Azmi, Hamza Batran, Ziad Abdeen, Omar Hamarsheh
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Factors related to the mortality risk of severe hand, foot, and mouth diseases (HFMD): a 5-year hospital-based survey in Guangxi, Southern China
Yuanjun Peng, Weitao He, Zhigang Zheng, Peijiang Pan, Yu Ju, Zhenwei Lu, Yanyan Liao, Hailong Wang, Chao Zhang, Jing Wang, Lina Jiang, Hao Liang, Minmei Chen, Li Ye
BMC Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among children in Iran: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis
Elnaz Moussavi, Mohammad Houssaini, Nader Salari, Mahvan Hemmati, Ahmad Abdullahi, Ali Asghar Khaleghi, Shamarina Shohaimi, Masoud Mohammadi
Parasite Epidemiology and Control.2023; 22: e00315. CrossRef
Global prevalence of enterobiasis in young children over the past 20 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Elham Kia Lashaki, Azadeh Mizani, Seyed Abdollah Hosseini, Bentolhoda Habibi, Khadijeh Taherkhani, Amir Javadi, AliReza Taremiha, Samira Dodangeh
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2023; 14(6): 441. CrossRef
Assessment of the Serum Level of IL-1B, IL-2, and IL-10 in Children Infected with Enterobius vermicularis in Babylon Province
Aseel Sekar Naji AL-Bairmani, Hayam Khalis Al-Masoudi
Medical Journal of Babylon.2023; 20(1): 59. CrossRef
Enterobiasis and its risk factors in urban, rural and indigenous children of subtropical Argentina
Maria Romina Rivero, Carlos De Angelo, Constanza Feliziani, Song Liang, Karina Tiranti, Martin Miguel Salas, Oscar Daniel Salomon
Parasitology.2022; 149(3): 396. CrossRef
Investigation of the Prevalence of Enterobius Vermicularis Infection and Risk Factors among Kindergartens in Hamadan, West of Iran, in 2019
Mohammad Fallah, Mahdi Parsaei, Eissa Soleymani, Ali Jamshidizad, Afshin Azimi
Avicenna Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 28(4): 253. CrossRef
Epidemiologic Study of Enterobius vermicularis Infection among Schoolchildren in the Republic of Marshall Islands
Chia-Kwung Fan, Pasaikou Sonko, Yueh-Lun Lee, Ai-Wen Yin, Ting-Wu Chuang, Ramson Kios, Ying-Ting Wang, Chia-Mei Chou, Shao-Lun Hsu, Mai-Szu Wu, Jia-Wei Lin, Chia-Ying Tu, Pedro P. Chieffi
Journal of Tropical Medicine.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef
The neglected role of Enterobius vermicularis in appendicitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Ali Taghipour, Meysam Olfatifar, Ehsan Javanmard, Mojtaba Norouzi, Hamed Mirjalali, Mohammad Reza Zali, Paulo Lee Ho
PLOS ONE.2020; 15(4): e0232143. CrossRef
Demographic and clinical characteristics of familial and sporadic multiple sclerosis: A single center exploratory study from Abu Dhabi
Antonia Ceccarelli, Victoria Ann Mifsud, Amna Dogar
Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2020; 76: 145. CrossRef
Halk Sağlığı Uygulamalarının Enterobius Vermicularis’in Korunma ve Kontrolündeki Önemi
Kamuran ÖZDİL, Nimet KARATAŞ, Handan ZİNCİR
Nevşehir Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi.2020; 9(2): 154. CrossRef
Prevalence and genotype distribution of Enterobius vermicularis among kindergarteners in Shiraz and Khorramabad cities, Iran
Atefeh Tavan, Fattaneh Mikaeili, SeyedMahmoud Sadjjadi, Sara Bajelan, Hossein Mahmoudvand, Meysam Sharifdini
Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine.2020; 13(7): 308. CrossRef
Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis in Prima-ry School Children of Bushehr, Iran in 2011
Morad Ali Fouladvand, Ali Heydari, Afshin Barazesh
Iranian South Medical Journal.2018; 21(2): 125. CrossRef

Estimating Tuberculin Skin Test Reactions among Children and Teenagers Who Received the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccination at Birth: A Meta-analysis: Mohammad Sadegh Rezai, Siavosh Abedi, Mahdi Afshari, Mahmood Moosazadeh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2017;8(1):3-10. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2017.8.1.02

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Tuberculin skin reaction size is one indicator of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine efficacy and a way to diagnose latent infection. Several primary studies have examined this issue. Combining the results of these studies using a meta-analysis will provide reliable evidence regarding this indicator for policymakers. This study aimed to estimate the total frequency of different tuberculin skin test reactions among Iranian children and teenagers who received the BCG vaccination at birth.

Methods

National and international databanks were searched using relevant keywords. After the search strategy was restricted and duplicates were excluded, the titles and abstracts of the remaining papers were screened. All included studies included healthy children who received the BCG vaccine without confirmed tuberculosis exposure. Heterogeneity of the results was assessed using the Cochrane test and I² index showed the random effects model as the best model for estimating the pooled results.

Results

We combined the results of 14 primary studies including purified protein derivative reaction test measures of 26,281 Iranian children. The frequencies (95% confidence intervals) of the reactions were 8.5% (6.2–10.8) for patients with a reaction size ≥ 10 mm, 29.9% (22.3–37.4) for a reaction size of 5–9 mm, and 60% (48.9–71.1) for a reaction size < 5 mm.

Conclusion

Our study showed that large numbers of Iranian children and teens have no positive BCG vaccine reaction and a considerable number of children have been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Citations

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Comparison of Serum Immunoglobulin Levels and Lymphocyte Counts in Children with Lymphadenitis Following BCG Vaccination
Leila Barati, Arash Kalantari, Jalaladdin Sheikh, Fateme-Sadat Tabatabaee, Farshid Kompani, Maryam Najafinejad, Ahmad Sohrabi, Fatemeh Cheraghali
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Is latent tuberculosis infection challenging in Iranian health care workers? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali, Farahnaz Movahedzadeh, Ali Alavi Foumani, Hoda Sabati, Alireza Jafari, HASNAIN SEYED EHTESHAM
PLOS ONE.2019; 14(10): e0223335. CrossRef

Comparing Two Methods of Cryotherapy and Intense Pulsed Light with Triamcinolone Injection in the Treatment of Keloid and Hypertrophic Scars: A Clinical Trial: Simin Shamsi Meymandi, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Azadeh Rezazadeh; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(5):313-319. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.08.005

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Keloid and hypertrophic scars are abnormal manifestations of wounds that occur following skin injuries in the form of local proliferation of fibroblasts and increased production of collagen. There are several ways to cure these scars; treatment must be selected based on the nature of the scars. In this clinical trial, two methods—cryotherapy and intense pulsed light (IPL)—are compared in the treatment of scars, and the results are presented in terms of improvement level, complications, and patient satisfaction.
Methods
This clinical trial was conducted in southeastern Iran. The intervention group included scars that underwent the IPL method and the control group, which consisted of scars that were subjected to cryotherapy. In both methods, intralesional corticosteroid injection was administered. To select samples, the easy sampling method was used. To determine the expected outcomes, the criteria determined in the Vancouver scar scale were used. Data were analyzed using the Mix Model, chi-square test, and t test.
Results
In this study, 166 samples of keloid and hypertrophic scars were cured using two methods (Cryotherapy, 83; IPL, 83). The recovery rate was higher in the Cryotherapy group than in the IPL group (p > 0.05), and the incidence of complications was also higher in the Cryotherapy group (14.5% vs. 12%). Moreover, patients were more satisfied, although not significantly so, with the cryotherapy method (p = 0.09).
Conclusion
Both methods were highly successful in curing scars; participants were totally satisfied with both methods.

Citations

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A modified nonsurgical treatment of keloids: Cocktail therapy
Yue Liu, Yuchen Cao, Xueshang Su, Shasha Li, Maomei Dou, Chunan Qu, Jintian Hu, Lianzhao Wang
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.2023; 22(11): 3095. CrossRef
A systematic review of randomised controlled trials investigating laser assisted drug delivery for the treatment of keloid and hypertrophic scars
Kelvin Truong, Ines Prasidha, Tevi Wain
Lasers in Medical Science.2022; 37(1): 47. CrossRef
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Management of Painful Scar: A Narrative Review
Alaa Abd-Elsayed, Jason Pope, Derick A Mundey, Konstantin V Slavin, Steven Falowski, Ahish Chitneni, Stephen R Popielarski, Jarod John, Samuel Grodofsky, Tony Vanetesse, Michael A Fishman, Philip Kim
Journal of Pain Research.2022; Volume 15: 925. CrossRef
Traditional Chinese medicine for hypertrophic scars—A review of the therapeutic methods and potential effects
Daqin Chen, Qiannan Li, Huimin Zhang, Fang Kou, Qiang Li, Chunming Lyu, Hai Wei
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Zhi-bo Zhang, Zhu-liang Zhou, Fu-xi Xing, Yong Li, Xing-chen Sun, Yu-ting Zhao, Xiang-zhou Zhang, Ji-song Liu
The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wound.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Cryotherapy: treatment spectrum and setting up the service
Paul Charlson
Journal of Aesthetic Nursing.2021; 10(1): 6. CrossRef
Intense pulsed light versus cryotherapy in the treatment of hypertrophic scars: A clinical and histopathological study
Samar A.M. Salem, Sharief M. Abdel Hameed, Azza E. Mostafa
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology.2021; 20(9): 2775. CrossRef
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Common Therapies in Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Yawei Bao, Shanshan Xu, Zhipeng Pan, Jixiang Deng, Xinyi Li, Faming Pan, Xiaojing Li
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery.2020; 44(1): 207. CrossRef
Comparison of Nd:YAG Laser and Combined Intense Pulsed Light and Radiofrequency in the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars
Mohamed M. Khedr, Wael Hussein Mahmoud, Fersan A. Sallam, Nader Elmelegy
Annals of Plastic Surgery.2020; 84(5): 518. CrossRef
Monoclonal Antibodies Addressed to Factors of Signalization in Keloid Scars: Opportunities and Areas of Action
Erick Moreno Pizarro, Eduardo Morales Valencia, Arturo Pérez Cuéllar, Camilo Acuña Pinzon, Aarón Emanuel Serrano Padilla
Cureus.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids using an intralesional 1470 nm bare-fibre diode laser: a novel efficient minimally-invasive technique
Ke Li, Fabio Nicoli, Chunxiao Cui, Wen Jing Xi, Ahmed Al-Mousawi, Zheng Zhang, Alberto Balzani, Lindsay Neill, Roberto Sorge, Yun Tong, Yixin Zhang
Scientific Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Topical cryoanesthesia for the relief of pain caused by steroid injections used to treat hypertrophic scars and keloids
Xiuxia Wang, Xiaoli Wu, Ke Liu, Lingling Xia, Xunxun Lin, Wei Liu, Zhen Gao
Medicine.2017; 96(43): e8353. CrossRef
Comparing Efficacy and Tolerability of Triamcinolone and Verapamil in Treatment of Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids
Abbas Zamanian, Maryam Nokandeh, Elham Behrangi, Zeynab Fazel, Zahra Azizian
Journal of Skin and Stem Cell.2017;[Epub] CrossRef

Epidemiological and Clinical Features of People with Malta Fever in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Mahmood Moosazadeh, Roja Nikaeen, Ghasem Abedi, Motahareh Kheradmand, Saeid Safiri; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(3):157-167. Published online June 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.009

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Numerous studies have reported the epidemiological and clinical features of Malta fever incidence in Iran. Review and synthesis of the related literature through meta-analysis can provide an appropriate measurement for aforementioned indices. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical features of people with Malta fever in Iran.
Methods
The required documents were obtained through searching national and international databases. In each study, standard deviation of the indices was calculated using binomial distribution formulas. Finally, the heterogeneity index was determined between studies using Cochran (Q) and I² tests.
Results
Combining the results of 47 articles in the meta-analysis indicated that 57.6% (55.02–60.1%) and 42.3% (49.8–44.9%) of the patients were male and female, respectively. Most of the patients lived in rural areas; 68.4% (63.6–73.2%) compared to 31.4% (26.7–36.3%). In addition, 20.8% (17.4–24.2%) of the patients were ranchers and farmers, 16.9% (14.5–19.4%) were students, and 31.6% (27–36.2%) were housewives. Of the patients studies, 50.5% (35.6–65.2%) experienced contact with animals and 57.1% (46.4–67.9%) used unpasteurized dairy products. Fever, joint pain, and sweating were detected among 65.7% (53.7–77.8%) and 55.3% (44.4–66.2%), respectively.
Conclusion
The present study revealed that the frequency of male patients with brucellosis was considerably more than that of female patients. The number of patients with Malta fever in rural areas was significantly more than in urban areas. High-risk behavior, unprotected contact with animals, and using unpasteurized dairy products were among the most significant factors affecting Malta fever incidence in Iran. Fever, joint pain, and sweating were detected among most of the patients with Malta fever.

Citations

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Comprehensive study on human brucellosis seroprevalence and Brucella species distribution in Iran (1970–2023)
Maryam Dadar, Saeed Alamian, Esmail Zowghi
Microbial Pathogenesis.2025; 198: 107137. CrossRef
Differences analysis between spinal tuberculosis and brucella spondylitis with preoperative non-invasive differential diagnosis
Zhong Ma, Xin Liu, Mingtao Zhang, Zuolong Wu, Xianxu Zhang, Shicheng Li, Jiangdong An, Zhiqiang Luo
European Spine Journal.2025; 34(2): 675. CrossRef
A study of rural populations’ knowledge, attitude, and practice about brucellosis: a descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study
Zahra Montaseri, Zahra Mohebi, Rahil Masoumi, Azizallah Dehghan, Mostafa Bijani
BMC Research Notes.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Xiaoyu Ma, Ying Wang, Qiong Wu, Xiaomei Ma, Qiang Wang, Qinghong Guo
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigated of Epidemiological and Incidence of Human Brucellosis in Southwest of Iran, a Retrospective Study from 2014 to 2021
Parisa Asban, Fatemeh Kiani, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Saeed Ghanbari, Homayoon Amiri, Razieh Kazemi Bareh Bichast
Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
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Mehmet Çelik, Mehmet Reşat Ceylan, Deniz Altındağ, Nevin Güler Dinçer, Sevil Alkan
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Md. Sadequl Islam, Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Moshiur Rahman, Khaleda Islam, Md. Mominul Islam, Md. Murtuza Kamal, Md. Nazrul Islam, Gianfranco Picone
Journal of Food Quality.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
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Mehmet ÇELİK, Mehmet Reşat CEYLAN, Deniz ALTINDAĞ, Sait Can YÜCEBAŞ, Nevin GÜLER DİNCER, Sevil ALKAN
Journal of Contemporary Medicine.2023; 13(3): 459. CrossRef
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Indian Journal of Dermatology.2022; 67(3): 279. CrossRef
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Farhad Bahadori, Fazlollah Ghofranipour, Saeideh Ghaffarifar, Reza Ziaei
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Nasrin Shirmohammadi‐Khorram, Leili Tapak, Omid Hamidi, Zohreh Maryanaji
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International Journal of Preventive Medicine.2019; 10(1): 108. CrossRef
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Comparing Seasonal Pattern of Laboratory Confirmed Cases of Pertussis with Clinically Suspected Cases: Golam Reza Ghorbani, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Mahdi Afshari, Fahimeh Doosti; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(2):131-137. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.02.004

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
During recent decades, there has been limited attention on the seasonal pattern of pertussis within a high vaccine coverage population. This study aimed to compare the seasonal patterns of clinical suspected pertussis cases with those of laboratory confirmed cases in Iran.
Methods
The current study was conducted using time series methods. Time variables included months and seasons during 2011–2013. The effects of seasons and months on the incidence of pertussis were estimated using analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis.
Results
The maximum average incidence of clinically confirmed pertussis was 23.3 in July (p = 0.04), but the maximum incidence of clinical suspected pertussis was 115.7 in May (p = 0.6). The maximum seasonal incidences of confirmed and clinical pertussis cases were reported in summer (average: 12, p = 0.004), and winter (average: 108.1; p = 0.4), respectively.
Conclusion
The present study showed that the seasonal pattern of laboratory confirmed pertussis cases is highly definite and different from the pattern of clinical suspected cases.

Citations

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Nhung TH Pham, Quyen TT Bui, Dien M Tran, Mattias Larsson, Mai P Pham, Linus Olson
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Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi, Abedin Saghafipour, Nahid Jesri, Fatemeh Zahra Tarkhan, Moharram Karami Jooshin
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Prevalence of Head Lice Infestation and Its Associated Factors among Primary School Students in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Mahmood Moosazadeh, Mahdi Afshari, Hormoz Keianian, Asghar Nezammahalleh, Ahmad Ali Enayati; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(6):346-356. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.011

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Head lice infestation is one of the most important health problems, generally involving children aged 5–13 years. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of head lice infestation and its associated factors among primary school children using systematic review and meta-analysis methods.
Methods
Different national and international databases were searched for selecting the relevant studies using appropriate keywords, Medical Subject Heading terms, and references. Relevant studies with acceptable quality for meta-analysis were selected having excluded duplicate and irrelevant articles, quality assessment, and application of inclusion/exclusion criteria. With calculating standard errors according to binomial distribution and also considering the Cochrane's Q test as well as I-squared index for heterogeneity, pediculosis prevalence rate was estimated using Stata SE V.11 software.
Results
Forty studies met the inclusion criteria of this review and entered into the meta-analysis including 200,306 individuals. Using a random effect model, the prevalence (95% confidence interval) of head lice infestation among primary school children was estimated as 1.6% (1.2–2.05), 8.8% (7.6–9.9), and 7.4% (6.6–8.2) for boys, girls, and all the students, respectively. The infestation rate was found to be associated with low educational level of parents, long hair, family size, mother's job (housewife), father's job (worker/unemployed), using a common comb, lack of bathrooms in the house, and a low frequency of bathing.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of head lice infestation among Iranian primary school children is relatively high with more prevalence among girls. We also found that economic, social, cultural, behavioral, and hygienic factors are associated with this infestation.

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