| Abbas Doosti | 3 Articles |
<b>Objectives</b><br/>
<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a gram-negative rod bacterium, a known cause of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and is an important hospital-acquired pathogen that causes severe morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify the TEM and SHV genes in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolated from cockroaches obtained from hospitals.<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
In this study, 250 cockroaches were collected from different hospitals in the province of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari, which is located in southwest Iran. The samples were examined for the presence of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> by plating onto a combination of culture media, and the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolated <i>K. pneumoniae</i> from samples were evaluated using the disk diffusion test. In addition, from the culture, genomic bacterial DNA was extracted, and sequence-specific targets (TEM and SHV genes) were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method.<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
Out of 250 cockroach samples collected from various hospitals, 179 samples (71.60%) were positive for <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. PCR reaction was performed using specific oligonucleotide primers (TEM-F, TEM-R and SHV-F, SHV-R) for the amplification of each gene, and amplified products were visualized on 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Of all the specimens amplified by PCR in this research, 32 samples (17.87%) were positive for TEM and 15 samples (8.37%) were positive for SHV.<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>
Detection of TEM and SHV genes using molecular methods and their pattern of antimicrobial resistance can provide useful information about the epidemiology of and risk factors associated with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infection.
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>
The resistance of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> to the recently available antibiotic treatment has been a growing problem. The aim of the study was to determine the quinolone-resistant strains and detect the presence of mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the <i>gyrA</i>, <i>parE</i>, and <i>parC</i> genes.<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
In this study, for the first time in Iran, the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to investigate the presence of mutations at quinolone resistance-determining regions of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase on 82 <i>S. pneumoniae</i> strains, among them 45 clinical samples were from patients and 37 from healthy carriers (control group).<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
In clinical samples, 34 (75.56%) strains contained mutations in the <i>parC</i> gene, 31 (68.89%) carried mutations in the <i>gyrA</i> gene, and 14 (31.11%) had <i>parE</i> gene mutations. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using the CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute) criteria on three different generations of quinolone family, with nalidixic acid (82.22%) showing the highest resistance and levofloxacin (42.22%) the least resistance.<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/><br/><b>Results</b><br/>indicated that there is a significant correlation between quinolone resistance development and mutations in the <i>parE</i> gene as well as in the <i>parC</i> and <i>gyrA</i> genes.
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<b>Objectives</b><br/>
Horizontal transfer of integrons is one of the important factors that can contribute to the occurrence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of integrons among MDR <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains isolated from stool specimens and investigate the associations between the existence of integrons and MDR properties in the southwest of Iran.<br/><b>Methods</b><br/>
There were 164 <i>E. coli</i> strains isolated from January 2012 to June 2012. Fecal specimens identified as <i>E. coli</i> by the conventional methods. Subsequently the antibiotic resistance was assessed using Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute criteria. The presence of class 1–3 integrons and embedded gene cassettes was verified using specific primers by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay.<br/><b>Results</b><br/>
Among a total of 164 studied samples, 69 (42.07%) isolates were multidrug resistant. Class 1 and class 2 integrons were present in 78.26% and 76.81% MDR isolates, respectively. For the first time in Iran, class 3 integron was observed in 26.09% MDR isolates. Significant correlations were identified between: class 1 integron and resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, and co-trimoxazole; class 2 integron and resistance to aminoglycosides, co-trimoxazole, cefalexin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol; and class 3 integron and resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, and streptomycin.<br/><b>Conclusion</b><br/>
Our results indicate that integrons are common among MDR isolates and they can be used as a marker for the identification of MDR isolates. Therefore, due to the possibility of a widespread outbreak of MDR isolates, molecular surveillance and sequencing of the integrons in other parts of the country is recommended.
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