aDivision of AIDS, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
bDivision of Biobank for Health Sciences, Korea National Institute of Health, Cheongju, Korea
© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Based on the BED assay results, 30 Korean HIV-positive samples were classified: 14 were recent infections and the other 16 were established infections. These HIV-infected Koreans tested positive in three HIV tests—nucleic acid amplification, HIV antigen/antibody ELISA, and Western blot—and had not received antiretroviral therapy.
For the avidity assay, 1.0M, 1.5M, and 2.0M Guanidine concentrations were used, and the 30 HIV positive samples were tested repeatedly using the assay five times (n = 150).
E = established infection; ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; R = recent infection.
Categories | Number (%) | Cumulative no. (%) |
---|---|---|
Fiebig stagesa (81 individuals) | ||
Eclipse phase | — | — |
I | 2 (2.5) | 2 (2.5) |
II | 33 (40.7) | 35 (43.2) |
III | 6 (7.4) | 41 (50.6) |
IV | 38 (46.9) | 79 (97.5) |
V | 2 (2.5) | 81 (100.0) |
VI | — | 81 (100.0) |
Estimated days (d) following HIV transmissionb (193 samples) | ||
1–30 | 20 (10.4) | 20 (10.4) |
31–60 | 55 (28.5) | 75 (38.9) |
61–90 | 33 (17.1) | 108 (56.0) |
91–120 | 29 (15.0) | 137 (72.0) |
121–150 | 22 (11.4) | 159 (82.4) |
151–180 | 10 (5.2) | 169 (87.6) |
181–200 | 5 (2.6) | 174 (90.2) |
>200 | 19 (9.8) | 193 (100.0) |
a Fiebig stage of each person was classified into six laboratory stages of primary HIV infection based on the antigen–antibody response patterns (HIV RNA, ELISA antigen, ELISA antibody, Western blots) found in the sample [16,17]. Days following HIV transmission of each stage were as follows: Eclipse phase (10 days), I (17 days), II (22 days), III (25 days), IV (31 days), V (101 days), and VI (open ended).