aHealth Promotion Research Institute, Korea Association of Health Promotion, Seoul, Korea
bDepartment of Health Education and Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
cJuvenile Division, Ministry of Justice, Seoul, Korea
dKorea Association of Health Promotion, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
© 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0).
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Categories | Total (n = 1682) |
Suicidal ideation |
p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No n = 1427 (84.8%) |
Yes n = 255 (15.2%) |
|||||
n | (%) | n | (%) | |||
Sex | ||||||
Girl | 238 | 166 | (69.8) | 72 | (30.3) | <0.0001 |
Boy | 1444 | 1261 | (87.3) | 183 | (12.7) | |
Age | ||||||
Mean ± SD | 17.26 ± 1.09 | 17.26 ± 1.09 | 17.29 ± 1.13 | 0.0586 | ||
Academic achievement | ||||||
High or above average | 93 | 74 | (79.6) | 19 | (20.4) | 0.3202 |
Average | 317 | 272 | (85.8) | 45 | (14.2) | |
Below average or low | 1263 | 1074 | (85) | 189 | (15) | |
Living arrangementb | ||||||
Lived with family | 1329 | 1153 | (86.8) | 176 | (13.2) | <0.0001 |
Lived apart from family | 345 | 267 | (77.4) | 78 | (22.6) | |
Household income | ||||||
High or above average | 260 | 217 | (83.5) | 43 | (16.5) | 0.0002 |
Average | 760 | 675 | (88.8) | 85 | (11.2) | |
Below average or low | 650 | 526 | (80.9) | 124 | (19.1) | |
Health related behaviors | ||||||
Smokingb | ||||||
No | 31 | 28 | (90.3) | 3 | (9.7) | 0.4010 |
Yes | 1634 | 1387 | (84.9) | 247 | (15.1) | |
Problem drinking experienceb | ||||||
No | 289 | 268 | (92.7) | 21 | (7.3) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 1142 | 943 | (82.6) | 199 | (17.4) | |
Psychedelic drug useb | ||||||
No | 1491 | 1292 | (86.7) | 199 | (13.4) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 168 | 120 | (71.4) | 48 | (28.6) | |
Physical activityc | ||||||
Active | 727 | 643 | (88.5) | 84 | (11.6) | 0.0003 |
Inactive | 954 | 783 | (82.1) | 171 | (17.9) | |
Skipping breakfast | ||||||
< 5 days | 1404 | 1192 | (84.9) | 212 | (15.1) | 0.7840 |
≥ 5 days | 273 | 230 | (84.3) | 43 | (15.8) | |
Mean ± SD | 6.8 ± 2.39 | 6.83 ± 2.38 | 6.64 ± 2.46 | 0.2463 | ||
Psychological health | ||||||
Perceived happiness | ||||||
Happy | 1450 | 1294 | (89.2) | 156 | (10.8) | <0.0001 |
Unhappy | 216 | 119 | (55.1) | 97 | (44.9) | |
Depressive thoughts | ||||||
No | 1135 | 1092 | (96.2) | 43 | (3.8) | <0.0001 |
Yes | 542 | 331 | (61.1) | 211 | (38.9) | |
Perceived body shape | ||||||
Thin | 1008 | 868 | (86.1) | 140 | (13.9) | 0.0692 |
Fat | 671 | 556 | (82.9) | 115 | (17.1) | |
Perceived health status | ||||||
Healthy | 1530 | 1324 | (86.5) | 206 | (13.5) | <0.0001 |
Unhealthy | 151 | 102 | (67.6) | 49 | (32.5) |
Categories | Juvenile inmates | Expected events | General adolescents | SER | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed events | Rate | Rate | SERa | 95% CI | pc | ||
Suicidal ideation (yes) | 255 | 15.2 | 260.1 | 18.4 | 0.98 | (0.86, 1.1) | 0.7502 |
Health related behaviors | |||||||
Smokingb | 1634 | 98.1 | 648.6 | 30.5 | 2.52 | (2.4, 2.64) | <0.0001 |
Problem drinkingb | 1142 | 79.8 | 665.6 | 45.4 | 1.72 | (1.62, 1.82) | <0.0001 |
Psychedelic drug useb | 168 | 10.1 | 8.8 | 0.5 | 19.02 | (16.14, 21.9) | <0.0001 |
Physical activity (inactive) | 954 | 56.8 | 1048.6 | 69.7 | 0.91 | (0.85, 0.97) | 0.0022 |
Skipping breakfast (≥ 5 days) | 273 | 16.3 | 430.3 | 25.1 | 0.63 | (0.56, 0.71) | <0.0001 |
Psychological health | |||||||
Perceived happiness (unhappy) | 216 | 13 | 213.7 | 13.8 | 1.01 | (0.88, 1.15) | 0.8756 |
Perceived depression | 542 | 32.3 | 498.9 | 32.9 | 1.09 | (0.99, 1.18) | 0.0641 |
Perceived body shape (fat) | 671 | 40 | 577.6 | 38.9 | 1.16 | (1.07, 1.25) | 0.0003 |
Perceived health status (unhealthy) | 151 | 9 | 122.5 | 8.5 | 1.23 | (1.04, 1.43) | 0.0202 |
Categories |
Model 1∗ |
Model 2∗ |
Model 3∗ |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR | (95% CI)a | p | Adjusted OR | (95% CI)a | p | Adjusted OR | (95% CI)a | p | |
Sex | |||||||||
Boy | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Girl | 2.73 | (1.95–3.81) | <0.0001 | 2.22 | (1.5–3.29) | <0.0001 | 1.53 | (0.94–2.49) | 0.0854 |
Age | 1.06 | (0.92–1.21) | 0.4395 | 1.08 | (0.92–1.26) | 0.3473 | 1.04 | (0.87–1.24) | 0.6787 |
Academic achievement | |||||||||
High or above average | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Average | 0.64 | (0.34–1.19) | 0.2687 | 0.86 | (0.42–1.74) | 0.7032 | 0.73 | (0.32–1.63) | 0.3949 |
Below average or low | 0.66 | (0.38–1.15) | 0.2927 | 0.88 | (0.47–1.68) | 0.8185 | 0.85 | (0.41–1.76) | 0.9861 |
Living arrangement | |||||||||
Lived with family | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Lived apart from family | 1.52 | (1.11–2.09) | 0.0091 | 1.53 | (1.08–2.15) | 0.0161 | 1.2 | (0.8–1.79) | 0.3850 |
Household income | |||||||||
High or above average | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||||
Average | 0.68 | (0.45–1.02) | 0.0018 | 0.64 | (0.41–0.99) | 0.0051 | 0.84 | (0.5–1.41) | 0.2118 |
Below average or low | 1.20 | (0.80–1.79) | 0.0107 | 1.04 | (0.67–1.61) | 0.1042 | 1.15 | (0.7–1.91) | 0.2266 |
Health related behaviors | |||||||||
Smokingb | |||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Yes | 0.7 | (0.14–3.39) | 0.6537 | 0.98 | (0.18–5.46) | 0.9797 | |||
Problem drinkingb | |||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Yes | 2.43 | (1.5–3.94) | 0.0003 | 1.84 | (1.06–3.18) | 0.0305 | |||
Psychedelic drug useb | |||||||||
No | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Yes | 2.13 | (1.4–3.23) | 0.0004 | 2.04 | (1.23–3.39) | 0.0059 | |||
Physical activityc | |||||||||
Active | 1 | 1 | |||||||
Inactive | 1.34 | (0.96–1.88) | 0.0847 | 1.29 | (0.87–1.9) | 0.2000 | |||
Skipping breakfast | |||||||||
< 5 days | 1 | 1 | |||||||
≥ 5 days | 1.22 | (0.8–1.85) | 0.3611 | 0.93 | (0.57–1.51) | 0.7621 | |||
Psychological health | |||||||||
Perceived happiness | |||||||||
Happy | 1 | ||||||||
Unhappy | 3.05 | (2.03–4.59) | <0.0001 | ||||||
Depressive thoughts | |||||||||
No | 1 | ||||||||
Yes | 13.37 | (8.76–20.41) | <0.0001 | ||||||
Perceived body shape | |||||||||
Thin | 1 | ||||||||
Fat | 1.02 | (0.7–1.47) | 0.9352 | ||||||
Perceived health status | |||||||||
Healthy | 1 | ||||||||
Unhealthy | 1.34 | (0.81–2.24) | 0.2580 |
∗ Model 1 involved demographic factors (gender, age, academic record, living arrangement, household income); Model 2 involved factors of health related behaviors (smoking, problem drinking, psychedelic drug use, physical activity, skipping breakfast) with demographic factors; Model 3 involved psychological health factors (perceived happiness, depressive thoughts, perceived body shape, perceived health status) with health behaviors and sociodemographic factors. OR = odds ratio. CI = confidence interval.