Figure 1Reported imported cases of shigellosis by month for the period 2010–2011. Four records with missing information were excluded from the 2011 data.
Figure 2Reported imported cases of shigellosis by species for the period 2010–2011.
Table 1Distribution of reported imported cases of shigellosis by gender, age, and occupation, 2010–2011
|
Both years |
2010 |
2011 |
Overall |
212 (100) |
104 (100) |
108 (100) |
Gender |
Male |
77 (36.3) |
32 (30.8) |
45 (41.7) |
Female |
135 (63.7) |
72 (74.9) |
63 (58.3) |
Age (y) |
0–9 |
9 (4.2) |
6 (5.8) |
3 (2.8) |
10–19 |
31 (14.6) |
17 (16.3) |
14 (13.0) |
20–29 |
100 (47.2) |
44 (42.3) |
56 (51.9) |
30–39 |
16 (7.5) |
2 (1.9) |
14 (13.0) |
40–49 |
22 (10.4) |
12 (11.5) |
10 (9.3) |
50–59 |
24 (11.3) |
19 (18.3) |
5 (4.6) |
>60 |
10 (4.7) |
4 (3.8) |
6 (5.6) |
Occupation |
Student |
86 (40.6) |
41 (2.4) |
45 (41.7) |
Teacher |
2 (0.9) |
1 (1.0) |
1 (0.9) |
Health professional (doctor, nurse, etc.) |
2 (0.9) |
0 (0.0) |
2 (1.9) |
Others |
122 (57.5) |
62 (8.1) |
60 (55.6) |
Table 2Distribution of reported imported cases of shigellosis according to species, 2010–2011
|
Both years
|
2010
|
2011
|
Male (%) |
Female (%) |
Male (%) |
Female (%) |
Male (%) |
Female (%) |
Overall |
77 (36.3) |
135 (63.7) |
32 (30.8) |
72 (74.9) |
45 (41.7) |
63 (58.3) |
Shigella sonnei
|
51 (24.1) |
88 (41.5) |
16 (15.4) |
37 (35.6) |
35 (32.4) |
51 (47.2) |
Shigella flexneri
|
14 (6.6) |
29 (13.7) |
9 (8.7) |
21 (20.2) |
5 (4.6) |
8 (7.4) |
Shigella boydii
|
3 (1.4) |
1 (0.5) |
1 (1.0) |
1 (1.0) |
2 (1.9) |
0 (0.0) |
Shigella spp. |
6 (2.8) |
13 (6.1) |
6 (5.8) |
13 (12.5) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
Suspected |
3 (1.4) |
4 (1.9) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
3 (2.8) |
4 (3.7) |
Table 3Distribution of reported imported cases of shigellosis by place, 2010–2011
Province/City |
Both years |
2010 |
2011 |
Overall |
212 (100) |
104 (100) |
108 (100) |
Seoul |
60 (28.3) |
26 (25.0) |
34 (31.5) |
Daegu |
12 (5.7) |
9 (8.7) |
3 (2.8) |
Incheon |
15 (7.1) |
9 (8.7) |
6 (5.6) |
Gwangju |
6 (2.8) |
2 (1.9) |
4 (3.7) |
Daejeon |
1 (0.5) |
1 (1.0) |
0 (0.0) |
Ulsan |
8 (3.8) |
6 (5.8) |
2 (1.9) |
Gyeonggi |
49 (23.1) |
23 (22.1) |
26 (24.1) |
Gangwon |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
0 (0.0) |
Chungbuk |
3 (1.4) |
2 (1.9) |
1 (0.9) |
Chungnam |
10 (4.7) |
1 (1.0) |
9 (8.3) |
Jeonbuk |
1 (0.5) |
1 (1.0) |
0 (0.0) |
Jeonnam |
7 (3.3) |
1 (1.0) |
6 (5.6) |
Gyeongbuk |
3 (1.4) |
2 (1.9) |
1 (0.9) |
Gyeongnam |
17 (8.0) |
8 (7.7) |
9 (8.3) |
Jeju |
2 (0.9) |
22 (1.9) |
0 (0.0) |
Table 4Clinical manifestations of imported shigellosis, 2010–2011
|
Both years |
2010 |
2011 |
Symptoms |
Fever |
112 (52.8) |
52 (50.0) |
60 (55.6) |
Chill |
67 (31.6) |
31 (29.8) |
36 (33.3) |
Nausea |
36 (17.0) |
15 (14.4) |
21 (19.4) |
Vomiting |
44 (20.8) |
19 (18.3) |
25 (23.1) |
Abdominal pain |
116 (54.7) |
52 (50.0) |
64 (59.3) |
Tenesmus |
35 (16.5) |
13 (12.5) |
22 (20.4) |
Diarrhea |
198 (93.4) |
95 (91.3) |
103 (95.4) |
Weakness |
46 (21.7) |
24 (23.1) |
22 (20.4) |
Headache |
29 (13.7) |
29 (27.9) |
— |
Table 5Distribution of imported cases of shigellosis by duration, type, and the number with diarrhea, 2010–2011
|
Both years |
2010 |
2011 |
Duration of diarrhea (d) |
1–5 |
139 (65.6) |
68 (65.4) |
71 (65.7) |
6–10 |
45 (21.2) |
22 (21.2) |
23 (21.3) |
11–15 |
2 (0.9) |
2 (1.9) |
0 (0.0) |
16–20 |
5 (2.4) |
0 (0.0) |
5 (4.6) |
21–25 |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0.0) |
1 (0.9) |
≥26 |
4 (1.9) |
1 (1.0) |
3 (2.8) |
Unknown |
16 (7.5) |
11 (10.6) |
5 (4.6) |
Type of stool |
Yellow stool |
143 (67.5) |
67 (64.4) |
76 (70.4) |
Watery diarrhea |
10 (4.7) |
4 (3.8) |
6 (5.6) |
Mucus stool |
14 (6.6) |
6 (5.8) |
8 (7.4) |
Bloody stool |
16 (7.5) |
6 (5.8) |
10 (9.3) |
Others |
7 (3.3) |
7 (6.7) |
0 (0.0) |
Unknown |
22 (10.3) |
14 (13.5) |
8 (7.4) |
Number with diarrhea |
<3 |
10 (4.7) |
2 (1.9) |
8 (7.4) |
3–4 |
21 (9.9) |
9 (8.7) |
12 (11.1) |
5–7 |
19 (9.0) |
7 (6.7) |
12 (11.1) |
8–9 |
13 (6.1) |
8 (7.7) |
5 (4.6) |
>10 |
101 (47.6) |
43 (41.3) |
58 (53.7) |
Unknown |
48 (22.6) |
35 (33.7) |
13 (12.0) |
Table 6Distribution of imported cases of Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei by type of stool, 2010–2011
|
Both years |
2010 |
2011 |
S. flexneri (n = 43) |
Yellow stool |
23 (53.5) |
16 (53.3) |
7 (53.8) |
Watery diarrhea |
2 (4.7) |
1 (3.3) |
1 (7.7) |
Mucus stool |
5 (11.6) |
4 (13.3) |
1 (7.7) |
Melena |
9 (20.9) |
5 (16.7) |
4 (30.8) |
Others |
3 (7.0) |
3 (10.0) |
— |
Unknown |
1 (2.3) |
1 (3.3) |
— |
S. sonnei (n = 139) |
Yellow stool |
106 (76.3) |
40 (75.5) |
66 (76.7) |
Watery diarrhea |
7 (5.0) |
3 (5.7) |
4 (4.7) |
Mucus stool |
7 (5.0) |
1 (1.9) |
6 (7.0) |
Melena |
6 (4.3) |
0 (0.0) |
6 (7.0) |
Others |
3 (2.2) |
3 (5.7) |
0 (0.0) |
Unknown |
10 (7.2) |
6 (11.3) |
4 (4.7) |
Table 7Comparison of melena positivity in Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei infections (p < 0.05)
|
S. flexneri |
S. sonnei
|
p
|
Melena (+) |
9 |
6 |
0.0017 |
Melena (−) |
34 |
133 |
|
Table 8Distribution of imported cases of shigellosis by visiting country, 2010–2011
Visit country |
Both years |
2010 |
2011 |
Overall |
212 (100) |
104 (100) |
108 (100) |
Asia |
Subtotal |
208 (98.1) |
102 (98.1) |
106 (98.1) |
Nepal |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.9) |
Myanmar |
2 (0.9) |
0 (0) |
2 (1.9) |
Vietnam |
19 (9.0) |
14 (13.5) |
5 (4.6) |
India |
46 (21.7) |
14 (13.5) |
32 (29.6) |
Indonesia |
18 (8.5) |
8 (7.7) |
10 (9.3) |
Japan |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.9) |
China |
17 (8.0) |
9 (8.7) |
8 (7.4) |
Cambodia |
42 (19.8) |
12 (11.5) |
30 (27.8) |
Thailand |
2 (0.9) |
0 (0) |
2 (1.9) |
Laos |
7 (3.3) |
7 (6.7) |
0 (0) |
Mongolia |
11 (5.2) |
11 (10.6) |
0 (0) |
Philippines |
38 (17.9) |
23 (22.1) |
15 (13.9) |
Taiwan |
4 (1.9) |
4 (3.8) |
0 (0.0) |
Africa |
Subtotal |
2 (1.0) |
1 (1.0) |
1 (0.9) |
Egypt |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.9) |
Sudan |
1 (0.5) |
1 (1.0) |
0 (0) |
Americas |
Subtotal |
2 (1.0) |
1 (1.0) |
1 (0.9) |
USA |
1 (0.5) |
0 (0) |
1 (0.9) |
Brazil |
1 (0.5) |
1 (1.0) |
0 (0) |