Figure 1Study design.
Table 1Program contents.
Duration |
Stage |
Contents |
Time (min) |
1st–12th wk |
Round 1 |
Korean medicine-based stroke management program
- Basic examination (blood pressure)
- Yangsaeng (customized to prevent strokes) education
- Dietary regimen & practice
- Prevention & Management of chronic disease
Health consultation and Q&A |
50 |
Round 2 |
Qigong exercise : preparation, main, final |
50 |
Table 2Homogeneity test between the experimental and control groups.
Characteristics |
Categories |
Exp.(n=28) |
Cont.(n=30) |
p
|
|
|
N (%)/mean ± SD |
N (%)/mean ± SD |
General characteristics |
Age (y) |
|
67.9 ± 6.8 |
69.4 ± 6.6 |
0.366 |
|
Gender |
Female |
25 (89.3) |
23 (76.7) |
0.301 |
Male |
3 (10.7) |
7 (23.3) |
|
Smoking |
None |
28 (100.0) |
27 (90.0) |
0.238 |
Smoker |
0 (0.0) |
3 (10.0) |
|
Drinking |
Yes |
21 (75.0) |
27 (90.0) |
0.173 |
No |
7 (25.0) |
3 (10.0) |
|
Exercise |
Yes |
26 (92.9) |
23 (76.7) |
0.147 |
No |
2 (7.1) |
7 (23.3) |
|
Disease status |
Yes |
21 (75.0) |
28 (93.3) |
0.075 |
Hypertension |
14 (66.7) |
18 (64.3) |
Diabetes |
3 (14.3) |
6 (21.4) |
Hyperlipidemia |
3 (14.3) |
0 (0.0) |
Arthritis |
1 (4.7) |
4 (14.3) |
No |
7 (25.0) |
2 (6.7) |
|
|
Main variables |
SBP (mmHg) |
130.71 ± 10.86 |
127.50 ± 17.36 |
0.104 |
|
DBP (mmHg) |
81.79 ± 9.05 |
79.00 ± 11.55 |
0.183 |
|
Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
219.75 ± 60.30 |
232.37 ± 64.02 |
0.464 |
|
Glucose (mg/dL) |
154.86 ± 22.22 |
144.33 ± 25.89 |
0.180 |
|
Self-esteem |
35.54 ± 4.43 |
34.30 ± 3.61 |
0.248 |
|
Self-efficacy |
26.79 ± 3.12 |
25.57 ± 3.40 |
0.161 |
|
Health perception |
23.75 ± 2.58 |
22.20 ± 4.07 |
0.091 |
|
Health behavior |
26.21 ± 2.15 |
27.26 ± 2.65 |
0.104 |
Table 3Difference in dependent variables between two groups.
Variables |
Groups |
Pretest |
Posttest |
Difference |
F (p) |
|
|
|
Mean ± SD |
Mean ± SD |
Mean ± SD |
SBP (mmHg) |
Exp. |
130.71 ± 10.86 |
115.04 ± 23.64 |
−15.68 ± 21.00 |
8.54 (0.005) |
Cont. |
127.50 ± 17.36 |
127.83 ± 20.33 |
0.33 ± 18.61 |
|
DBP (mmHg) |
Exp. |
81.79 ± 9.05 |
73.57 ± 8.70 |
−8.21 ± 10.90 |
8.11 (0.006) |
Cont. |
79.00 ± 11.55 |
79.00 ± 9.95 |
0.00 ± 10.50 |
|
Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
Exp. |
219.75 ± 60.30 |
185.93 ± 27.58 |
−33.82 ± 50.85 |
22.21 (< 0.001)) |
Cont. |
232.37 ± 64.02 |
234.67 ± 61.28 |
2.30 ± 34.29 |
|
Gludcose (mg/dL) |
Exp. |
154.86 ± 22.22 |
118.96 ± 15.94 |
−35.89 ± 22.50 |
27.72 (< 0.001) |
Cont. |
144.33 ± 25.89 |
167.37 ± 60.81 |
23.03 ± 51.61 |
|
Self-esteem |
Exp. |
35.54 ± 4.43 |
36.39 ± 4.18 |
0.86 ± 1.48 |
11.42 (0.001) |
Cont. |
34.30 ± 3.61 |
34.27 ± 3.54 |
−0.03 ± 0.67 |
|
Self-efficacy |
Exp. |
26.79 ± 3.12 |
31.93 ± 4.32 |
5.14 ± 5.46 |
57.25 (< 0.001) |
Cont. |
25.57 ± 3.40 |
23.87 ± 3.45 |
−1.70 ± 4.11 |
|
Health perception |
Exp. |
23.75 ± 2.58 |
28.43 ± 4.33 |
4.68 ± 4.43 |
19.90 (< 0.001) |
Cont. |
22.20 ± 4.07 |
23.20 ± 4.17 |
1.00 ± 2.05 |
|
Health behavior |
Exp. |
26.2 1± 2.15 |
32.21 ± 4.34 |
6.00 ± 4.93 |
29.03 (< 0.001) |
Cont. |
27.26 ± 2.65 |
27.07 ± 2.91 |
−0.20 ± 3.26 |