Table 1General characteristics of the subjects (N = 277).
Characteristics |
Categories |
n
|
% |
Gender |
Male |
61 |
22.0 |
Female |
216 |
78.0 |
|
Age (y) |
19 – 29 |
20 |
7.2 |
30 – 39 |
33 |
11.9 |
40 – 49 |
39 |
14.1 |
50 – 59 |
61 |
22.0 |
60 – 69 |
57 |
20.6 |
≥ 70 |
67 |
24.2 |
|
Educational level |
Primary school graduate or lower |
95 |
34.3 |
Secondary school graduate |
43 |
15.5 |
High school graduate |
77 |
27.8 |
College graduate or higher |
61 |
22.0 |
No response |
1 |
0.4 |
|
Occupation |
Managers, professionals |
13 |
4.7 |
Clerical workers |
13 |
4.7 |
Sales and service workers |
22 |
7.9 |
Agriculture/fishery workers |
8 |
2.9 |
Craftsmen, machine operators |
9 |
3.2 |
Elementary workers |
23 |
8.3 |
Unemployed (including homemakers) |
189 |
68.2 |
|
Income quartile (household) |
Lower |
92 |
33.2 |
Lower middle |
69 |
24.9 |
Upper middle |
56 |
20.2 |
Upper |
59 |
21.3 |
No response |
1 |
0.4 |
|
Marital status |
Married, living together |
166 |
59.9 |
Married, separated |
2 |
0.7 |
Widowed |
47 |
17.0 |
Divorced |
31 |
11.2 |
Single |
31 |
11.2 |
|
Subjective health status |
Very good |
4 |
1.4 |
Good |
23 |
8.3 |
Average |
98 |
35.4 |
Poor |
96 |
34.7 |
Very poor |
56 |
20.2 |
Table 2HRQOL scores.
Categories |
Mean ± SD |
HRQOL (EQ-5D Index) dimensions |
Mobility |
1.43 ± 0.55 |
Self-care |
1.17 ± 0.41 |
Usual activities |
1.33 ± 0.53 |
Pain/discomfort |
1.58 ± 0.67 |
Anxiety/depression |
1.51 ± 0.63 |
|
Total EQ-5D index |
0.83 ± 0.21 |
Table 3Restricted activity and suicidal ideation in patients with depression.
Characteristics |
Categories |
n
|
% |
Bedridden owing to illness in the past month |
Yes |
63 |
22.7 |
No |
214 |
77.3 |
|
Bedridden days in the past month (N = 63) |
< 3 |
31 |
49.2 |
4 – 7 |
13 |
20.6 |
8 – 11 |
5 |
7.9 |
12 – 15 |
3 |
4.7 |
≥ 16 |
11 |
17.6 |
|
Bedridden owing to illness in the past year |
Yes |
119 |
43.0 |
No |
158 |
57.0 |
|
Bedridden days in the past year (N = 119) |
< 7 |
50 |
42.0 |
8 – 30 |
35 |
29.4 |
31 – 60 |
13 |
10.9 |
61 – 90 |
3 |
2.5 |
≥ 91 |
18 |
15.2 |
|
Absent from work owing to illness in the past month |
Yes |
15 |
5.4 |
No |
79 |
28.5 |
Does not go to work or school |
183 |
66.1 |
|
Absences in the past month (N = 15) |
< 3 |
6 |
40.0 |
4 – 7 |
1 |
6.6 |
8 – 11 |
3 |
20.0 |
12 – 15 |
3 |
20.0 |
≥ 16 |
2 |
13.4 |
|
Absent from work owing to illness in the past year |
Yes |
35 |
12.6 |
No |
76 |
27.4 |
Do not go to work or school |
166 |
59.9 |
|
Absences in the past year (N = 35) |
< 7 |
23 |
65.7 |
8 – 30 |
5 |
14.3 |
31 – 60 |
5 |
14.3 |
61 – 90 |
2 |
5.7 |
|
Planned suicide in the past year |
Yes |
28 |
10.1 |
No |
249 |
89.9 |
|
Attempted suicide in the past year |
Yes |
15 |
5.4 |
No |
262 |
94.6 |
|
Received psychiatric counselling in the past year |
Yes |
106 |
38.3 |
No |
171 |
61.7 |
Table 4Effects of restricted activity and sociodemographic characteristics on HRQOL.
|
HRQOL |
|
|
Categories |
|
Unstandardized Coefficients |
Standardised Coefficients |
p
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B |
SE |
β |
|
Restricted activity |
Bedridden owing to illness in the past month |
0.103 |
0.027 |
0.299 |
< 0.001***
|
Bedridden days in the past month |
0.010 |
0.011 |
0.067 |
0.346 |
Bedridden owing to illness in the past year |
− 0.042 |
0.020 |
− 0.161 |
0.041*
|
Bedridden days in the past year |
0.011 |
0.009 |
0.085 |
0.258 |
Absent from work owing to illness in the past month |
0.002 |
0.008 |
0.022 |
0.856 |
Absences in the past month |
0.009 |
0.024 |
0.029 |
0.694 |
Absent from work owing to illness in the past year |
− 0.016 |
0.008 |
− 0.237 |
0.049*
|
|
Socio-demographic characteristics |
Absences in the past year |
− 0.030 |
0.014 |
− 0.173 |
0.027*
|
Gender |
− 0.027 |
0.030 |
− 0.054 |
0.367 |
Age |
− 0.036 |
0.008 |
− 0.272 |
< 0.001***
|
Marital status |
0.088 |
0.039 |
0.135 |
0.025*
|
Educational level |
0.050 |
0.010 |
0.283 |
< 0.001***
|
Income level |
0.052 |
0.010 |
0.288 |
< 0.001***
|
Occupation |
− 0.024 |
0.007 |
− 0.218 |
< 0.001***
|