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Original Articles
Instability of Plasma and Serum Progastrin-Releasing Peptide During Repeated Freezing and Thawing
Jae-Eun Lee, Jin-Hyun Lee, Maria Hong, Seul-Ki Park, Ji-In Yu, So-Youn Shin, Shine Young Kim
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(6):351-355.   Published online December 31, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2016.11.004
  • 3,101 View
  • 20 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Progastrin-releasing peptide (proGRP) is a promising biomarker for small cell lung cancer. However, not much is known about how sample processing and storage conditions affect the stability of proGRP. Here, we examined the effects of repeated freeze–thaw cycles on the stability of proGRP in plasma and serum.
Methods
Concentrations of proGRP were measured in plasma and serum samples exposed to two, three, or four freeze–thaw cycles and these were compared with values of corresponding samples exposed to one cycle (baseline). We also performed the area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) analysis to determine whether the differences of proGRP concentrations between each paired plasma and serum sample (ΔproGRP) can be used for identifying the samples that have been exposed to multiple freeze–thaw cycles.
Results
Concentrations of proGRP gradually decreased in both plasma and serum samples with increasing numbers of freeze–thaw cycles. Reduction rates of proGRP concentrations were greater in serum than in plasma samples and serum proGRP levels declined with statistical significance (p < 0.001) up to 10.1% after four freeze–thaw cycles. The ΔproGRP measurement showed fair accuracy (AUC = 0.741) for identifying samples that had been through four freeze–thaw cycles. The sensitivity was 82.8% and specificity was 62.1% at an optimal cut-off point of > 4.9.
Conclusion
Our study shows that the stability of circulating proGRP is affected in both plasma and serum samples by repeated freezing and thawing. We also show that ΔproGRP could be used for identifying paired plasma and serum samples subjected to multiple freeze–thaw cycles.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effect of Repeated Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Influenza Virus Antibodies
    Alessandro Torelli, Elena Gianchecchi, Martina Monti, Pietro Piu, Irene Barneschi, Carolina Bonifazi, Rosa Coluccio, Luisa Ganfini, Luciano Michele La Magra, Silvia Marconi, Ginevra Marzucchi, Ramona Pace, Laura Palladino, Bernardo Biagi, Emanuele Montomo
    Vaccines.2021; 9(3): 267.     CrossRef
  • The influence of different blood samples treatment methods on pro-gastrin-releasing peptide
    Huiqin Jiang, Ling Luo, Kang Xiong, Chengwen He, Huaizhou Wang, Yanghua Qin
    Medicine.2019; 98(26): e16130.     CrossRef
Inorganic Phosphorus and Potassium Are Putative Indicators of Delayed Separation of Whole Blood
Jae-Eun Lee, Maria Hong, Seul-Ki Park, Ji-In Yu, Jin-Sook Wang, Haewon Shin, Jong-Wan Kim, Bok-Ghee Han, So-Youn Shin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2016;7(2):90-95.   Published online April 30, 2016
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.003
  • 2,824 View
  • 16 Download
  • 8 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The delayed separation of whole blood can influence the concentrations of circulating blood components, including metabolites and cytokines. The aim of this study was to determine whether clinical-biochemistry analytes can be used to assess the delayed separation of whole blood.
Methods
We investigated the plasma and serum concentrations of five clinical-biochemistry analytes and free hemoglobin when the centrifugation of whole blood stored at 4°C or room temperature was delayed for 4 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours, or 48 hours, and compared the values with those of matched samples that had been centrifuged within 2 hours after whole-blood collection.
Results
The inorganic phosphorus (IP) levels in the plasma and serum samples were elevated ≥ 1.5-fold when whole-blood centrifugation was delayed at room temperature for 48 hours. Furthermore, the IP levels in the plasma samples showed excellent assessment accuracy [area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve (AUC) > 0.9] after a 48-hour delay in whole-blood separation, and high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (95%) at an optimal cutoff point. The IP levels in the serum samples also exhibited good assessment accuracy (AUC > 0.8), and high sensitivity (81%) and specificity (100%). The potassium (K+) levels were elevated 1.4-fold in the serum samples following a 48-hour delay in whole-blood separation. The K+ levels showed excellent assessment accuracy (AUC > 0.9) following a 48-hour delay in whole-blood separation, and high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (91%) at an optimal cutoff point.
Conclusion
Our study showed that the IP and K+ levels in the plasma or serum samples could be considered as putative indicators to determine whether whole-blood separation had been delayed for extended periods.

Citations

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  • Concordance in COVID-19 serology, bone mineralization, and inflammatory analytes between venous and self-collected capillary blood samples exposed to various pre-analytical conditions
    Banafshe Hosseini, Harika Dasari, Anna Smyrnova, Claude Bourassa, Jing Leng, Christian Renaud, Francine M Ducharme
    Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Jou.2023; 60(4): 259.     CrossRef
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    Ye Xiong, Michael Tobler, Arne Hegemann, Dennis L. Hasselquist
    Biology Open.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Blood Plasma Quality Control by Plasma Glutathione Status
    Tamara Tomin, Natalie Bordag, Elmar Zügner, Abdullah Al-Baghdadi, Maximilian Schinagl, Ruth Birner-Gruenberger, Matthias Schittmayer
    Antioxidants.2021; 10(6): 864.     CrossRef
  • Identification of specific pre-analytical quality control markers in plasma and serum samples
    Luz Ruiz-Godoy, Virginia Enríquez-Cárcamo, Lourdes Suárez-Roa, María Lourdes Lopez-Castro, Abel Santamaría, Mario Orozco-Morales, Ana Laura Colín-González
    Analytical Methods.2019; 11(17): 2259.     CrossRef
  • Proteomics and Lipidomics in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research: From Mechanistic Insights to Biomarker Identification
    Bjoern Titz, Raffaella Gadaleta, Giuseppe Lo Sasso, Ashraf Elamin, Kim Ekroos, Nikolai Ivanov, Manuel Peitsch, Julia Hoeng
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(9): 2775.     CrossRef
  • Impact of Preanalytical Variations in Blood-Derived Biospecimens on Omics Studies: Toward Precision Biobanking?
    Jae-Eun Lee, Young-Youl Kim
    OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology.2017; 21(9): 499.     CrossRef
  • Effect of delayed centrifugation of whole blood on serum samples stability
    Massimo Daves, Vincenzo Roccaforte, Michele Giacomi, Monica Riva, Maria Leitner, Stefan Platzgummer, Gertraud Goetsch, Giuseppe Lippi
    La Rivista Italiana della Medicina di Laboratorio .2017; 13(1): 41.     CrossRef
  • Instability of Plasma and Serum Progastrin-Releasing Peptide During Repeated Freezing and Thawing
    Jae-Eun Lee, Jin-Hyun Lee, Maria Hong, Seul-Ki Park, Ji-In Yu, So-Youn Shin, Shine Young Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(6): 351.     CrossRef
Effect of Repeated Freezing and Thawing on Biomarker Stability in Plasma and Serum Samples
Jae-Eun Lee, Shine Young Kim, So-Youn Shin
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(6):357-362.   Published online December 31, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.11.005
  • 3,147 View
  • 21 Download
  • 42 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
The stability of circulating proteins can be affected by repeated freezing and thawing. The aim of our study was to identify the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on the plasma and serum concentrations of eight proteins [interferon-γ, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-15, IL-17A, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7, tumor necrosis factor-α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2)].
Methods
We assessed the concentration changes of these proteins in 30 plasma and serum samples subjected to three, four, or five freeze–thaw cycles, and compared these with the concentration changes in the samples that were subjected to two freeze–thaw cycles before analysis.
Results
Repeated freezing and thawing by up to five cycles did not modify the plasma and serum concentrations of interferon-γ, IL-8, and VEGF-R2, while levels of MMP-7, tumor necrosis factor-α, and VEGF were significantly changed in both plasma and serum samples. Moreover, MMP-7 and VEGF concentrations tended to increase with freeze–thaw cycles. They were more elevated in plasma samples (up to about 15%) than in serum samples (up to about 7%), suggesting that serum is the preferred sample type for the analysis of circulating proteins.
Conclusion
This is the first report on the effect of repeated freezing and thawing on plasma concentrations of MMP-7 and VEGF-R2. Our findings propose that researchers should consider the number of freeze–thaw cycles to select plasma or serum samples, depending on the type of analyte.

Citations

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    The Neuroscientist.2023; 29(2): 190.     CrossRef
  • Keep cool! Observed temperature variations at different process stages of the biobanking workflow – examples from the Leipzig medical biobank
    Juliane Weikert, Angelina Mehrländer, Ronny Baber
    Journal of Laboratory Medicine.2023; 47(2): 69.     CrossRef
  • The Stability of the Anti-Müllerian Hormone in Serum and Plasma Samples under Various Preanalytical Conditions
    Radana Vrzáková, Václav Šimánek, Ondřej Topolčan, Vladimír Vurm, David Slouka, Radek Kučera
    Diagnostics.2023; 13(8): 1501.     CrossRef
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    Milan Thorel, Yannick Roman, Antoine Leclerc
    Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    James M. Cameron, Christopher Rinaldi, Samantha H. Rutherford, Alexandra Sala, Ashton G. Theakstone, Matthew J. Baker
    Applied Spectroscopy.2022; 76(4): 393.     CrossRef
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    Megha Bhardwaj, Petra Schrotz-King, Hermann Brenner
    Life.2022; 12(3): 359.     CrossRef
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    Mahmoud El-Maghrabey, Yudai Sato, Fatema Kaladari, Naoya Kishikawa, Naotaka Kuroda
    Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical.2022; 368: 132167.     CrossRef
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    Ulrika Sjöbom, Anders K. Nilsson, Hanna Gyllensten, Ann Hellström, Chatarina Löfqvist, Angela J. Glading
    PLOS ONE.2022; 17(7): e0270232.     CrossRef
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    Chao Liu, Dewei Chu, Kourosh Kalantar‐Zadeh, Jacob George, Howard A. Young, Guozhen Liu
    Advanced Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jie Gao, Arve Ulvik, Adrian McCann, Per Magne Ueland, Klaus Meyer
    Talanta.2021; 223: 121774.     CrossRef
  • The effect of pre-analytical handling on the stability of fractalkine, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin 6 and interleukin 8 in samples of human cerebrospinal fluid
    Winnie Charlotte Pedersen Mortensen, Laila Bendix, Hanne Irene Jensen, Claus Varnum, Lasse Enkebølle Rasmussen, Jørgen T. Lauridsen, Nis Borbye-Lorenzen, Kristin Skogstrand, Palle Toft, Henrik Bjarke Vaegter, Morten Rune Blichfeldt-Eckhardt
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    Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Di.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • Instability of Plasma and Serum Progastrin-Releasing Peptide During Repeated Freezing and Thawing
    Jae-Eun Lee, Jin-Hyun Lee, Maria Hong, Seul-Ki Park, Ji-In Yu, So-Youn Shin, Shine Young Kim
    Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2016; 7(6): 351.     CrossRef
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Aging-related Changes in Mouse Serum Glycerophospholipid Profiles
Seungwoo Kim, Hyo-Soon Cheon, Jae-Chun Song, Sang-Moon Yun, Sang Ick Park, Jae-Pil Jeon
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2014;5(6):345-350.   Published online December 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2014.10.002
  • 2,804 View
  • 21 Download
  • 22 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Metabolic dysfunction is a common hallmark of the aging process and aging-related pathogenesis. Blood metabolites have been used as biomarkers for many diseases, including cancers, complex chronic diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods
In order to identify aging-related biomarkers from blood metabolites, we investigated the specific metabolite profiles of mouse sera from 4-month-old and 21-month-old mice by using a combined flow injection analysis–tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Results
Among the 156 metabolites detected, serum levels of nine individual metabolites were found to vary with aging. Specifically, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) acyl (a) C24:0 levels in aged mice were decreased compared to that in young mice, whereas phosphatidylcholine (PC) acyl-alkyl (ae) C38:4, PC ae C40:4, and PC ae C42:1 levels were increased. Three classes of metabolites (amino acids, LPCs, and PCs) differed in intraclass correlation patterns of the individual metabolites between sera from young and aged mice. Additionally, the ratio of LPC a C24:0 to PC ae C38:4 was decreased in the aged mice, whereas the ratio of PC ae C40:4 to LPC a C24:0 was increased, supporting the aging-related metabolic changes of glycerophospholipids.
Conclusion
The ratios of the individual metabolites PC and LPC could serve as potential biomarkers for aging and aging-related diseases.

Citations

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Article
Serum MicroRNA Expression Profiling in Mice Infected with Rabies Virus
Myung Guk Han, Jun-Sun Park, Cho Soon Lee, Young Eui Jeong, Jung Sang Ryou, Jung Eun Cho, Young Ran Ju, Kyoung-Ki Lee
Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(3):186-191.   Published online December 31, 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.11.043
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  • 21 Download
  • 6 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Objectives
Serum or plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis for cancer and prenatal diseases. This study was conducted to investigate whether rabies virus causes a change in serum miRNA expression.
Methods
ICR mice were intramuscularly inoculated with rabies virus and were sacrificed weekly to collect serum and brain tissue for 4 weeks postinoculation. Mice were assigned to four groups based on the results of indirect immunofluorescent assays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the expression profiles of serum miRNAs were compared using a commercial mouse miRNA expression profiling assay.
Results
The expression levels of miRNAs changed significantly with the different stages of the disease. The expression level of 94 serum miRNAs in infected mice changed at least twofold. Seven microRNAs of them were significantly upregulated or downregulated in all infected mice regardless of disease status. The number of miRNAs with an expression level change decreased with the progression of the disease. In a hierarchical cluster analysis, infected mice clustered into a group separate from uninfected control mice.
Conclusions
Based on the relationship of miRNAs to gene expression regulation, miRNAs may be candidates for the study of viral pathogenesis and could have potential as biomarkers.

Citations

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PHRP : Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives