Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives

Original Article

Transmission parameters of coronavirus disease 2019 in South Asian countries: Mridul Sannyal, Abul Mukid Mohammad Mukaddes; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2022;13(3):191-202. Published online June 23, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0234

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Objectives
This study aimed to estimate the transmission parameters, effective reproduction number, epidemic peak, and future exposure of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Asian countries. Methods: A susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-death (SEIRD) model programmed with MATLAB was developed for this purpose. Data were collected (till June 28, 2021) from the official webpage of World Health Organization, along with the Center for Systems Science and Engineering at Johns Hopkins University. The model was simulated to measure the primary transmission parameters. The reproduction number was measured using the next-generating matrix method. Results: The primary transmission rate followed an exponential Gaussian process regression. India showed the highest transmission rate (0.037) and Bhutan the lowest (0.023). The simulated epidemic peaks matched the reported peaks, thereby validating the SEIRD model. The simulation was carried out up to December 31, 2020 using the reported data till June 9, 2020. Conclusion: The information gathered in this research will be helpful for authorities to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in the subsequent wave or in the future.

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MODIFIED SEIRD MODEL: A NOVEL SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH IN MODELLING THE SPREAD OF COVID-19 IN MALAYSIA DURING THE PRE-VACCINATION PERIOD
Norsyahidah Zulkarnain, Nurul Farahain Mohammad, Ibrahim Shogar
IIUM Engineering Journal.2023; 24(2): 159. CrossRef

Review Article

Review of the early reports of the epidemiological characteristics of the B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread worldwide: Yeonju Kim, Eun-Jin Kim, Sang-Won Lee, Donghyok Kwon; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2021;12(3):139-148. Published online June 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2021.0037

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Abstract PDF

The variant B.1.1.7 of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the RNA virus causing the pandemic more than a year worldwide, was reported from United Kingdom (UK) in late December 2020. It was reported that mortality increases by 65% and transmissibility increases by 70%, which may result in an increase of reproduction number to 1.13−1.55 from 0.75−0.85. To analyze the global increasing trend of the variant B.1.1.7, we extracted results of B.1.1.7 from GISAID on May 11 and May 12, 2021, and conducted a doseresponse regression. It took 47 days to reach 20% and 121 days to reach 50% among the sequence submitted from UK. In Korea, cases of B.1.1.7 have increased since the first report of three cases on December 28, 2020. Positive rate of B.1.1.7 in Korea was 21.6% in the week from May 9 to May 15, 2021. Detection rate of the variants is expected to increase further and new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are emerging, so a close monitoring and control would be maintained for months.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Mutations in SARS-CoV-2: Insights on structure, variants, vaccines, and biomedical interventions
Ahmed I. Abulsoud, Hussein M. El-Husseiny, Ahmed A. El-Husseiny, Hesham A. El-Mahdy, Ahmed Ismail, Samy Y. Elkhawaga, Emad Gamil Khidr, Doaa Fathi, Eman A. Mady, Agnieszka Najda, Mohammad Algahtani, Abdulrahman Theyab, Khalaf F. Alsharif, Ashraf Albrakati
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2023; 157: 113977. CrossRef
Structural implications of SARS-CoV-2 Surface Glycoprotein N501Y mutation within receptor-binding domain [499-505] – computational analysis of the most frequent Asn501 polar uncharged amino acid mutations
Done Stojanov
Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 Infection among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Individuals in a Large Healthcare Organization from New Jersey
José R. Mediavilla, Tara Lozy, Annie Lee, Justine Kim, Veronica W. Kan, Elizabeth Titova, Ashish Amin, Michael C. Zody, André Corvelo, Dayna M. Oschwald, Amy Baldwin, Samantha Fennessey, Jerry M. Zuckerman, Thomas Kirn, Liang Chen, Yanan Zhao, Kar Fai Cho
Viruses.2023; 15(8): 1699. CrossRef
Incidence Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in the Ulsan Area, Korea, Using PowerChek SARS-CoV-2 S-gene Mutation Detection Kit: A Pilot Study
Sang Hyuk Park, Hyun-Ki Kim, Hang Kang, Jung Heon Kim, Jaeseung Lee, Ji-Hun Lim, Seon-Ho Lee, Joseph Jeong
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2022; 42(3): 363. CrossRef
Biological Properties of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Epidemiological Impact and Clinical Consequences
Reem Hoteit, Hadi M. Yassine
Vaccines.2022; 10(6): 919. CrossRef
Virtual recruitment and participant engagement for substance use research during a pandemic
Carolin C. Hoeflich, Anna Wang, Ayodeji Otufowora, Linda B. Cottler, Catherine W. Striley
Current Opinion in Psychiatry.2022; 35(4): 252. CrossRef
Display of receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein variants on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell surface
Hongguan Xing, Liyan Zhu, Pingping Wang, Guoping Zhao, Zhihua Zhou, Yi Yang, Hong Zou, Xing Yan
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid in variants of concern impair the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 detection by rapid antigen tests
Ibrahim T. Hagag, Krzysztof Pyrc, Saskia Weber, Anne Balkema-Buschmann, Martin H. Groschup, Markus Keller
Frontiers in Virology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Disease Severity and Clinical Outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern
Lixin Lin, Ying Liu, Xiujuan Tang, Daihai He
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Original Articles

Alarm Thresholds for Pertussis Outbreaks in Iran: National Data Analysis: Yousef Alimohamadi, Seyed Mohsen Zahraei, Manoochehr Karami, Mehdi Yaseri, Mojtaba Lotfizad, Kourosh Holakouie-Naieni; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(5):309-318. Published online October 22, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.5.07

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

The purpose of the current study was to determine the upper threshold number of cases for which pertussis infection would reach an outbreak level nationally in Iran.

Methods

Data on suspected cases of pertussis from the 25^th February 2012 to the 23^rd March 2018 from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Iran was used. The national upper threshold level was estimated using the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) method and the Poisson regression method.

Results

In total, 2,577 (33.6%) and 1,714 (22.3%) cases were reported in the Spring and Summer respectively. There were 1,417 (18.5%) and 1,971 (25.6%) cases reported in the Autumn and Winter, respectively. The overall upper threshold using the EWMA and the Poisson regression methods, was estimated as a daily occurrence of 8 (7.55) and 7.50 (4.48–11.06) suspected cases per 10,000,000 people, respectively. The daily seasonal thresholds estimated by the EWMA and the Poisson regression methods were 10, 7, 6, 8 cases and 10, 7, 7, 9 cases for the Spring, Summer, Autumn, and Winter, respectively.

Conclusion

The overall and seasonal estimated thresholds by the 2 methods were similar. Therefore, the estimated thresholds of 6–10 cases in a day, per 10,000,000 people could be used to detect pertussis outbreaks and epidemics by health policymakers.

Citations

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Immunogenicity and Safety of a Newly Developed Tetanus-Diphtheria Toxoid (Td) in Healthy Korean Adolescents: a Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Active-Controlled Phase 3 Trial
Ui Yoon Choi, Ki Hwan Kim, Jin Lee, Byung Wook Eun, Hwang Min Kim, Kyung-Yil Lee, Dong Ho Kim, Sang Hyuk Ma, Jina Lee, Jong-Hyun Kim
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Development and Utilization of a Rapid and Accurate Epidemic Investigation Support System for COVID-19: Young Joon Park, Sang Yun Cho, Jin Lee, Ikjin Lee, Won-Ho Park, Seungmyeong Jeong, Seongyun Kim, Seokjun Lee, Jaeho Kim, Ok Park; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2020;11(3):118-127. Published online May 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.24171/j.phrp.2020.11.3.06

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

In this pandemic situation caused by a novel coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19), an electronic support system that can rapidly and accurately perform epidemic investigations, is needed. It would systematically secure and analyze patients’ data (who have been confirmed to have the infection), location information, and credit card usage.

Methods

The “Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Act” in South Korea, established a legal basis for the securement, handling procedure, and disclosure of information required for epidemic investigations. The Epidemic Investigation Support System (EISS) was developed as an application platform on the Smart City data platform.

Results

The EISS performed the function of inter-institutional communication which reduced the processing period of patients’ data in comparison to other methods. This system automatically marked confirmed cases’ tracking data on a map and hot-spot analysis which lead to the prediction of areas where people may be vulnerable to infection.

Conclusion

The EISS was designed and implemented for use during an epidemic investigation to prevent the spread of an infectious disease, by specifically tracking confirmed cases of infection.

Citations

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The Birth of Digital Epidemiology in South Korea
Eun-Sung Kim
East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An Int.2024; 18(1): 22. CrossRef
Modern technologies and solutions to enhance surveillance and response systems for emerging zoonotic diseases
Li Zhang, Wenqiang Guo, Chenrui Lv
Science in One Health.2024; 3: 100061. CrossRef
Within-Host Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in a B-Cell Depleted Patient With Successful Treatment
Yae Jee Baek, Gemma Park, Jun Yong Choi, Eun Jin Kim, Bryan Inho Kim, Jin Gwack, Ji Ye Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Contact-tracing of the COVID-19 spreading using digital technologies with artificial intelligence (literary review)
Botir T. Daminov, Sherzod P. Ashirbaev, Igor P. Vikhrov
HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION.2023; 67(2): 142. CrossRef
엠폭스(원숭이두창)의 효과적 관리 방안: 역학조사 경험과 국외 정책 검토
태영 김, 언주 박, 종무 김, 민결 심, 신영 이, 은경 김
Public Health Weekly Report.2023; 16(22): 669. CrossRef
Epidemiological analysis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients on ships arriving at Busan port in Korea, 2020
Kee Hun Do, Jinseon Yang, Ok Sook Do, Seok-Ju Yoo, Rajnesh Lal
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(7): e0288064. CrossRef
IntelliTrace: Intelligent Contact Tracing Method Based on Transmission Characteristics of Infectious Disease
Soorim Yang, Kyoung-Hwan Kim, Hye-Ryeong Jeong, Seokjun Lee, Jaeho Kim
Applied System Innovation.2023; 6(6): 112. CrossRef
Detecting mpox infection in the early epidemic: an epidemiologic investigation of the third and fourth cases in Korea
Taeyoung Kim, Eonjoo Park, Jun Suk Eun, Eun-young Lee, Ji Won Mun, Yunsang Choi, Shinyoung Lee, Hansol Yeom, Eunkyoung Kim, Jongmu Kim, Jihyun Choi, Jinho Ha, Sookkyung Park
Epidemiology and Health.2023; 45: e2023040. CrossRef
A scalable framework for smart COVID surveillance in the workplace using Deep Neural Networks and cloud computing
Ajay Singh, Vaibhav Jindal, Rajinder Sandhu, Victor Chang
Expert Systems.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
COVID-19 Cluster Linked to Aerosol Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via Floor Drains
Taewon Han, Heedo Park, Yungje Jeong, Jungmin Lee, Eungyeong Shon, Man-Seong Park, Minki Sung
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2022; 225(9): 1554. CrossRef
Perceived usefulness of COVID-19 tools for contact tracing among contact tracers in Korea
Seonyeong Gong, Jong Youn Moon, Jaehun Jung
Epidemiology and Health.2022; 44: e2022106. CrossRef
Public health in times of crisis: An overlooked variable in city management theories?
Celso Machado, Daielly Melina Nassif Mantovani Ribeiro, Adriana Backx Noronha Viana
Sustainable Cities and Society.2021; 66: 102671. CrossRef
Re-estimation of basic reproduction number of COVID-19 based on the epidemic curve by symptom onset date
K. Hong, S. J. Yum, J. H. Kim, B. C. Chun
Epidemiology and Infection.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Benefits of Mobile Contact Tracing on COVID-19: Tracing Capacity Perspectives
Uichin Lee, Auk Kim
Frontiers in Public Health.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Two-Way Contact Network Modeling for Identifying the Route of COVID-19 Community Transmission
Sung Jin Lee, Sang Eun Lee, Ji-On Kim, Gi Bum Kim
Informatics.2021; 8(2): 22. CrossRef
State of the Art in Adoption of Contact Tracing Apps and Recommendations Regarding Privacy Protection and Public Health: Systematic Review
Katarzyna Kolasa, Francesca Mazzi, Ewa Leszczuk-Czubkowska, Zsombor Zrubka, Márta Péntek
JMIR mHealth and uHealth.2021; 9(6): e23250. CrossRef
Riding the waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea
Joseph Christian Obnial, Maria Beatriz Baron, Hannah Andrea Sagsagat, Erika Ong, Ma. Alexandra Nicola Valenzuela, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
Journal of Primary Health Care.2021; 13(2): 116. CrossRef
Contributions of Smart City Solutions and Technologies to Resilience against the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review
Ayyoob Sharifi, Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir, Rama Krishna Reddy Kummitha
Sustainability.2021; 13(14): 8018. CrossRef
Harnessing the Power of Smart and Connected Health to Tackle COVID-19: IoT, AI, Robotics, and Blockchain for a Better World
Farshad Firouzi, Bahar Farahani, Mahmoud Daneshmand, Kathy Grise, Jaeseung Song, Roberto Saracco, Lucy Lu Wang, Kyle Lo, Plamen Angelov, Eduardo Soares, Po-Shen Loh, Zeynab Talebpour, Reza Moradi, Mohsen Goodarzi, Haleh Ashraf, Mohammad Talebpour, Alireza
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CASE-CF: Context Aware Smart Epidemic Control Framework
Harsuminder Kaur Gill, Vivek Kumar Sehgal, Anil Kumar Verma
New Generation Computing.2021; 39(3-4): 541. CrossRef
Resolving the tension between full utilization of contact tracing app services and user stress as an effort to control the COVID-19 pandemic
Jaehun Joo, Matthew Minsuk Shin
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National Disaster Management System: COVID-19 Case in Korea
Junic Kim, Kelly Ashihara
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2020; 17(18): 6691. CrossRef
Evidence of Long-Distance Droplet Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by Direct Air Flow in a Restaurant in Korea
Keun-Sang Kwon, Jung-Im Park, Young Joon Park, Don-Myung Jung, Ki-Wahn Ryu, Ju-Hyung Lee
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Brief Reports

Epidemics of Norovirus GII.4 Variant in Outbreak Cases in Korea, 2004–2012: Sunyoung Jung, Hyun Ju Jeong, Bo-Mi Hwang, Cheon-Kwon Yoo, Gyung Tae Chung, Hyesook Jeong, Yeon-Ho Kang, Deog-Yong Lee; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2015;6(5):318-321. Published online October 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2015.10.002

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Abstract PDF

Norovirus GII.4 is recognized as a worldwide cause of nonbacterial outbreaks. In particular, the GII.4 variant occurs every 2–3 years according to antigenic variation. The aim of our study was to identify GII.4 variants in outbreaks in Korea during 2004–2012. Partial VP1 sequence of norovirus GII.4-related outbreaks during 2004–2012 was analyzed. The partial VP1 sequence was detected with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, seminested polymerase chain reaction, and nucleotide sequence of 312-314 base pairs for phylogenetic comparison. Nine variants emerged in outbreaks, with the Sydney variant showing predominance recently. This predominance may persist for at least 3 years, although new variants may appear in Korea.

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Trends for Syndromic Surveillance of Norovirus in Emergency Department Data Based on Chief Complaints
Soyeoun Kim, Sohee Kim, Bo Youl Choi, Boyoung Park
The Journal of Infectious Diseases.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Genotypic and Epidemiological Trends of Acute Gastroenteritis Associated with Noroviruses in China from 2006 to 2016
Shu-Wen Qin, Ta-Chien Chan, Jian Cai, Na Zhao, Zi-Ping Miao, Yi-Juan Chen, She-Lan Liu
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2017; 14(11): 1341. CrossRef

Epidemic Intelligence Service Officers and Field Epidemiology Training Program in Korea: Geun-Yong Kwon, Shinje Moon, Wooseok Kwak, Jin Gwack, Chaeshin Chu, Seung-Ki Youn; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2013;4(4):215-221. Published online August 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2013.07.001

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Abstract PDF

Korea has adopted Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) officers through the Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) since 1999 for systematic control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Graduates of medical schools in Korea are selected and serve as public health doctors (PHDs) for their mandatory military service. The duration of service is 3 years and PHDs comprise general practitioners and specialists. Some PHDs are selected as EIS officers with 3 weeks basic FETP training and work for central and provincial public health authorities to conduct epidemiological investigations. The total number of EIS officers is 31 as of 2012. The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) has 12 specialists, whereas specialists and each province has one or two EIS officers to administer local epidemiological investigations in 253 public health centers. The Korean EIS officers have successfully responded and prevented infectious diseases, but there is a unique limitation: the number of PHDs in Korea is decreasing and PHDs are not allowed to stay outside Korea, which makes it difficult to cope with overseas infectious diseases. Furthermore, after 3 years service, they quit and their experiences are not accumulated. KCDC has hired full-time EIS officers since 2012 to overcome this limitation.

Citations

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A resposta da Coreia do Sul à pandemia de COVID-19: lições aprendidas e recomendações a gestores
Thais Regis Aranha Rossi, Catharina Leite Matos Soares, Gerluce Alves Silva, Jairnilson Silva Paim, Lígia Maria Vieira-da-Silva
Cadernos de Saúde Pública.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Turnover Intention among Field Epidemiologists in South Korea
Sukhyun Ryu
International Journal of Environmental Research an.2020; 17(3): 949. CrossRef
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Juhwan Oh, Jong-Koo Lee, Dan Schwarz, Hannah L. Ratcliffe, Jeffrey F. Markuns, Lisa R. Hirschhorn
Health Systems & Reform.2020; 6(1): e1753464. CrossRef
Steering the Private Sector in COVID-19 Diagnostic Test Kit Development in South Korea
Sora Lee
Frontiers in Public Health.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Experience of 16 years and its associated challenges in the Field Epidemiology Training Program in Korea
Moo-Sik Lee, Eun-Young Kim, Sang-Won Lee
Epidemiology and Health.2017; 39: e2017058. CrossRef
The direction of restructuring of a Korea field epidemiology training program through questionnaire survey among communicable disease response staff in Korea
Moo Sik Lee, Kwan Lee, Jee-Hyuk Park, Jee-Young Hong, Min-Young Jang, Byoung-Hak Jeon, Sang-Yun Cho, Sun-Ja Choi, JeongIk Hong
Epidemiology and Health.2017; 39: e2017032. CrossRef
Review for the Korean Health Professionals and International Cooperation Doctors Dispatched to Peru by the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA)
Bongyoung Kim
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(2): 133. CrossRef
From Seoul to Lima: Korean Doctors in Peru
Hae-Wol Cho, Chaeshin Chu
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2015; 6(2): 71. CrossRef
Emerging Pathogens and Vehicles of Food- and Water-borne Disease Outbreaks in Korea, 2007–2012
Shinje Moon, Il-Woong Sohn, Yeongseon Hong, Hyungmin Lee, Ji-Hyuk Park, Geun-Yong Kwon, Sangwon Lee, Seung-Ki Youn
Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives.2014; 5(1): 34. CrossRef

Original Article

A Note on Obesity as Epidemic in Korea: Mun Seok Kim, Chaeshin Chu, Yongkuk Kim; Osong Public Health Res Perspect. 2011;2(2):135-140. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrp.2011.08.004

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Abstract PDF

Objective To analyze the incidence of obesity in adults aged 19–59 years in Korea and predict its trend in the future.
Methods
We considered a two-compartmental deterministic mathematical model Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS), a system of difference equations, to predict the evolution of obesity in the population and to propose strategies to reduce its incidence.
Results
The prevention strategy on normal-weight individuals produced a greater improvement than that produced by treatment strategies.
Conclusions
Mathematical model sensitivity analysis suggests that obesity prevention strategies are more effective than obesity treatment strategies in controlling the increase of adult obesity in Korea.

Citations

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